240 LYCANIDA. ARHOPALA. 
except that the blue of the UPPERSIDE of doth wings is confined to half the wing, with the 
margins very broad.” 
‘* Variety a, from Makassar. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings with the blue colour lighter, 
occupying a still smaller space than the above-described typical form.” (Hew7tson, 1. c.) 
** Larva elongated, oval, depressed at the ends, anterior segment scutate, with a lateral 
row of fine short hair ; green, with two subdorsal reddish lines, a red patch on the second and 
last segments, the interdosal space marked with blackish spots and lines ; a lateral row of 
spots.” Food-plant not recorded. ‘* Pupa broad, thorax convex, head slightly produced ; thorax 
and wing-cases greenish, abdomen reddish.” (JZoore, 1. c.) 
There is not much difference in the shade of blue on the upperside of the males of 
A. amantes and A. centaurus, local race pirama; but the former is rather deeper and richer. 
There is more difference inthe females, the female of 4. amantes being almost uniform throughout, 
whilein A. Azrama the bases of the wings are considerablylighter, The markings of the under- 
side are also very similar, though, as pointed out by Mr. Hewitson, the fourth spot of the discal 
band of the forewing in A. amantes is usually out of line, and nearer to the margin than the other 
spots forming the band. The spots in the cell of the forewing are usually smaller, and, as in 
A. centaurus, usually marked anteriorly with white or greenish. The distinguishing character 
of the species, however, is the presence of a well-formed anal lobe to the hindwing, which on the 
underside is usually centred with deep black; 4. centaurus entirely lacks this lobe. The 
colour of the ground of the underside and the prominence of the markings are perhaps even 
more variable in A. amantes than they arein A. centaurus. 
In India, A. amantes is more widely spread than A. centaurus. It occurs all along the 
foot of the Himalayas from the Dehra Dun to Sikkim, in the plains of Bengal, the Central Pro- 
vinces, and in Bombay, and tkence southwards to Travancore and Ceylon ; in the latter island 
it is found at ‘Colombo. Shrubby parts of cinnamon gardens, about May to end of June. 
Flight strong, rapid; conceals itself under leaves with wings always folded” (/ztchison). 
* Common at Colombo” (Wade). ‘Colombo, Cinnamon gardens and low country generally, 
fond of resting on the leaves of the Mango-tree” (d/ackwood). In May, 1882, I took a 
single male specimen in Calcutta under the big banian tree in the Botanical Gardens, Mr. 
E. H. Aitken writes of itin Bombay as follows :—‘“ 4. amantes, Hewitson, is not common, 
and I am not sure of the limits of its season. I have seen it oftener about the beginning 
of June than at any other time, and oftener at Karanja across the Bombay Harbour than at 
any other place, It flies very fast.” (Aztken, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soce, vol. i, p. 217, 
n. 48 (1886). I possess a single female specimen from Moulmein, Burma, which differs 
from the typical form in that the anal lobe on the underside of the hindwing is centred with 
reddish-brown instead of deep black, the blue coloration of the forewing on the upperside 
extends well above the discoidal cell nearly reaching the costa and beyond the cell also, in the 
hindwing it is more restricted to the base. The single example I have seen from the 
Andamans differs a good deal from the typical form: it is smaller, the area of the blue 
coloration of the upperside is rather different, all the markings below are smaller, more compact 
and prominent. It probably represents a new species, but I prefer not to name it till I possess 
larger material. I appenda description of Arhopala afella, Swinhoe, a species which is 
strictly synonymic with A. amantes.* I have examined a “ co-type” male example from Mhow 
in Colonel Swinhoe’s collection. 
* Arhopala apella, Swinhoe. Nilasera afella, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 429, n. 64, 
pl. xl, fig. 4, male. Hasirat: Mhow, March. Expanse: 2'1 inches, Descriprion: “Allied to 4. [=A.] 
amantes, Hewitson. UprersipeE of a brighter and paler blue, but similar to A. asantes in the deep costal 
band on the forewing of the male, which is absent in the female, and in the far deeper costal band of the hind- 
wing and marginal band of both wings UNversipa quite different, the ground-colour being of a uniform 
pale brownish grey with an ochreous tinge, this tinge showing quite distinctly onthe brown portions of the 
forewing, the costal portion and much of the hindwing being silvery-grey. /orvewing with one small spot in 
the cell near the base, and a larger one also within the cell, alittle forward of its middle, the upper portions 
of both touching the subcostal nervure ; another spot, square and larger at the end of the cell,anda smaller 
one below this in the angle of the first median interspace, and below this is a spot elongated into a band 
running along the interspace for more than half its length below the first median nervule, and half filling 
up that portion of the interno-median interspace ; there is alsoa discal row of six confluent spots from the 
