LYCAENID. THECLA. 297 
the walnut trees on which the larve feed. The butterfly is purple on the upperside, with 
the outer margins broadly black. It is furnished with the usual tail. It occurs only, as 
far as I know, in the Western Himalayas. 
The genus Chrysophanus, Hiibner, the species of which are often called “Coppers” from the 
coloration of the upperside, appears to occur in almost every large division of the earth except the 
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. In India they are only to be found in the Western 
Himalayas and the bordering hilly countries to the north. There is nothing peculiar as re- 
gards the neuration of the genus, and, as in Chetoprocta, the upper discoidal nervule of the fore- 
wing is emitted at the end of the discoidal cell. One species entirely lacks in both sexes the 
copper coloration characteristic of the genus, being glossed with purple on the upperside, and 
moreover differs from all its congeners in possessing a well-formed tail to the hindwing. 
Another species is very aberrant in the coloration of the hindwing on the underside, being 
metallic greenish-blue, as in Zycena galathea, Blanchard, Z. metallica, Felder, and L. omphissa, 
Moore. 
The last genus of this subgroup, the Z/erda of Doubleday, hardly differs structurally, 
either in the larva or imago stage, from the genus Chrysophanus, but it is convenient to retain 
it as all the species have a peculiar faczes, and can be recognised as belonging to it at a 
glance. The males are usually very richly coloured on the upperside, some are ultramarine 
blue, some shining purple, some bright metallic green, others duller green, and one species is 
metallic golden bronze, a colour, as far as I know, found in no other butterfly. One species 
is dull purple in the male, the female being fuliginous or dull fuscous with no orange patch 
on the forewing ; all the others have the female dull black on the upperside, with an orange patch 
on the forewing. The genus is found in Northern India, chiefly in the hills, in Assam, Burma, 
Java, and in China. It will probably hereafter be found in the mountains of the Malay Peninsula. 
Gonus 184.—THECLA, Fabricius. (PLATE XXVII). 
Thecla (part), Fabricius, Ill. Mag., vol. vi, p. 286, n. 35 (1897); id., Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. ix, p. 129 
(1815); id., Boisduval and Leconte, Lép. Am. Sept., p. 81 (1833); id., Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, 
p. 481 (1852); id., Hewitson, Il]. Diurn. Lep., p. 69 (1865); id,, Godman and Salvin, Biol. Cent.-Am., 
Rhopalocera, vol. ii, p. 8 (1887); Cupido, sect. C (part), Schrank, Fauna Boica, vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 152, 217 
(1851) ; Sérymon (part), Hiibner, Verz bek. Schmett., p. 74 (1826); id, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 190 
(1859). 
FOREWING, subtriangular ; costa arched at the base, then nearly straight to the apex ; afex 
rather acute, slightly more rounded in the female than in the male; outer margin slightly 
convex or straight; zzwer margin straight ; costal mervure ending exactly opposite the ter- 
mination of the discoidal cell ; first suécostal nervule given off from the subcostal nervure 
rather beyond the middle of the cell, second subcostal originating at about one-third from the 
apex of the cell inthe male, at about one-fifth in the female; swdcostal nervure reaching 
the apex of the wing ; upper disco-cellular nervule absent in both sexes, mzddle disco-cellular 
straight, arising in the male from the upper discoidal nervule some distance beyond its origin, 
arising in the female exactly at its point of origin, /ower disco-cellular of the same length 
as the upper, straight; second median nervule originating some little distance before the 
lower end of the cell ; szbmedian nervure nearly straight. MALE, furnished with an elongated 
narrow shining black patch of differently-formed scales from those on the rest of the wing 
at the anterior end of the discoidal cell, which patch is bounded anteriorly by the basal 
portion of the second subcostal nervule, and extends slightly into the cell and beyond 
its end. HINDWING, ovate, all the margins rounded, furnished with a somewhat long 
narrow tail at the termination of the first median neivule, and a small anal lobe; costal 
nervure much arched at base ; first subcostal nervule originating some distance before the apex 
of the cell; désco-cellular nervules concave, dzscoidal nervule from their point of junction ; 
second median nervule originating just before the end of the cell; zxternal nervure very 
sinuous. Aztenne short, not half the length of the costa of the forewing, with a gradually- 
formed elongated club. a/pz somewhat short, obliquely porrected, second joint bristly be- 
neath, third joint naked. yes hairy. Zegs short, scaly. 
38 
