316 LYCANIDA, CHRYSOPHANUS. 
entirely overlaid with blackish ; the black spots larger. Otherwise as in the typical form. 
FeMmace. Larger. UPPERSIDE, forew¢ng with the lower basal area thickly overlaid with blackish 
scales, having the apical and outer portions alone of the coppery ground-colour quite clear. Hind- 
wing with the discal blue spots often very large and prominent. Otherwise as in the typical form. 
Regarding this form Colonel Lang notes as follows :—‘‘ This species has a wide distribu- 
tion in the N.-W. Himalayas; common in the outward ranges, Kasauli, &c. ; appearing here 
and there, up to Upper Kunawar, in very various climates. It, however, disappears in 
certain gaps, as it were, which are occupied by C. pavana,” Kollar. Mr. Butler notes:— 
‘*Major Yerbury says that the species is ‘common at Murree and along the hills to 
Thundiani in August and September. C. f¢2meus has been identified for him as 
C. phleas ; it appears, however, to bea tolerably constant form, so far as I can judge from our 
present series; on the upperside it much resembles C. stygianus, Butler, of Kandahar, but 
the darker colour and red band on the underside of the hindwing at once separate it.” Mr. 
Butler records C. ¢2mezs from Kandahar also. Colonel Lang reports it to be “ common at Naini 
Tal at 5,500 to 7,coo feet ;” and Mr. Doherty remarks on Kumaon specimens :—‘‘ Comparing 
the prehensores of my specimens [of C. ¢imaus (timeus), Cramer} with those figured by 
Dr. White, I should suppose the species distinct from the European C. phieas (phiawax ?), 
Linnzeus.” He says he met with it at ‘‘ Naini Tal, 6-7,000 feet, above Garbyan, and at 
Kalapani, N.-E. Kumaon, 11-15,000 feet ” 
This form was described by Cramer from Smyrna in Asia Miror ; there are numerous 
specimens of it from Persia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta 3 and it occurs from Kashmir 
to Naini Tal at any rate at suitable elevations on the outer ranges of the Himalayas. Mr. 
Moore has recorded it from Darjiling, but this is incorrect, though it may possibly occur on 
the inner ranges of Sikkim at a suitable elevation. Mr. Moore also states that it occurs in 
Bhutan, but I have seen no specimen of the genus taken further east than Naini Tal. 
Local race, C. séygianus, Butler. EXPANsSeE: @, 1°33; 2, 1°42 inches. DescRIPTION : 
“MALE. Uppersipe, both wings smoky brown, Forewing in certain lights shot with 
fiery copper; spotted with black as in C. timeus, Cramer (e/ews? Fabricius) ; two small 
orange spots beyond the interrupted black discal series. AMindwing with a slender undulated 
deep reddish-orange band on a black ground near the outer margin; above it a series of 
four or five pale blue hastate spots, and above these again beyond the end of the cell two 
black dots ; a black dash at the end of the cell. Cvz/ia greyish-white. ody blackish. UNDER- 
SIDE, buth wings very like C. timeus, but considerably paler. Forewing with the submargi- 
nal black spots less distinctly white-bordered ; the apex and outer margin very pale grey. 
Hindwing with the ground-colour very pale grey. FEMALE. Larger than the male. UpPersIDE, 
forewing with the outer third of the cell and the subapical area bright orange, the black spots 
larger, otherwise similar. UNDERSIDE, doth wings slightly yellower in tint all over, so that the 
ground tint of the 2izdwing has a pale brownish rather than greyish hue.” 
**This species is comparatively larger than C. ph/was [= ph/eas, Linnzeus], and has the 
costal margin of the forewing longer.” (Auéler, 1. ¢. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880). “An 
examination of the forty-one examples of this species obtained at Kandahar in October, and 
submitted to me for examination, has shown that the form named by me C. stygianus cannot 
be specifically separated from C. ph/eas.” (Butler,\. c.in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.) Colonel 
Swinhoe writes of it :—‘* Quetta, September ; Kandahar, October to January. Very common. 
With a long series such as I have, containing the typical forms of C. pleas, Linneus, 
C. timeus, Cramer, and C. stygianus, Butler, it is absolutely impossible to separate them.” 
In the Indian Museum, Calcutta, are a pair of this species which have been named 
€. stygianus, Butler, by Mr. Moore, which were taken by me at Darcha in Lahoul in July, 1879. 
Major Howland Roberts found it common at Kandahar in April and May, abundant in 
June. In my collection are many specimens of both sexes from Quetta (September), and 
Kandahar (October and November) taken by Colonel Swinhoe; from Bushire in Persia 
