LYCANIDA, CHRYSOPHANUS. 317 
taken in April; from Astor, 7,709 feet, taken in September by Colonel Biddulph ; and from 
Pangi taken by Mr. Ellis in October ; all these examples are larger than typical C. ph/eas, the 
male on the upperside of the forewing darker, and the underside of both wings paler. They 
are smaller than the local form ¢imets, the male on the upperside of the forewing brighter, 
in the female bright orange rather than coppery. If the local races of C. ph/eas are to be 
discriminated by a separate name, C. s¢ygianus appears to me to deserve to be so separated as 
much as C. ¢imeus or C. baralacha, though the describer himself has failed to find characters of 
sufficient specific value to enable him to keep it distinct from C. ph/eas, 
Local race, C. baralacha, Moore. EXPANSE: 9, 1°37 [1°5] inches. DESCRIPTION : 
“FEMALE. Differs from specimens of the same sex of C. phl@as, Linnzeus (var. stygianus, 
Butler), taken in the neighbouring country of Lahoul. Upprrsipe, forewing golden-yellow, 
with a blackish quadrate spot in the middle of the cell, a larger spot at its end, three oblique 
subapical spots, and three lower discal spots, the lowest spot being the longest and curved ; 
from the three subapical spots some black speckles proceed to the disco-cellular spot ; the 
costal edge is very narrowly bordered with brown, and the exterior margin has a narrow 
macular brown border of half the width of that of the above-mentioned species, Aindwing 
golden greyish-brown, with a broad pale red outer marginal band, which is very slightly 
indented with black at the end of the veins on its outer border, and on the inner border by a row 
of indistinct blackish spots surmounted by blue-grey scales, above which is a discal row 
of five or six smaller black spots and also a black lunule at the end of the cell. UNDERSIDE, 
bith wings of similar colour to that of the above species. forewing with the spots as on the 
upperside, but pale-bordered, also a spot at the base of the cell, two small spots on the costa 
above the discal series, and three linear spots on the exterior margin above the: angle, these 
latter spots being nearer the margin. Aindwing with less defined red-streaked marginal 
band, the discal and other spots also comparatively larger.” 
‘* Baralacha Pass, 16,060 feet, Ladak. Takenin July, 1879, by Mr. L. de Nicéville.” 
(Moore, 1. c.) 
The type and only known specimen of this local race is in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
It is of large size (true expanse 1°5 inches, ze, when measured from apex of forewing 
to centre of thorax and then doubling the amount, this being the mode by which I 
take the expanse of all insects described by me), coloration a little paler than in the 
same sex of C. stygianus, the black spots on the upperside of the forewing larger, and the 
costal and outer borders narrower. 
To sum up C. phleas. There is no doubt that the local races of this species are 
the immediate effect of the different climates in which they live, the darkest form, C. timeus, 
occurs where the rainfall is heaviest and the vegetation consequently most luxuriant, 
C. stygianus and C. baralacha inhabiting far more barren and rainless regions. It is also 
certain that an absolutely complete gradation of forms between all the Indian races at any 
rate could be shewn were sufficient material available, but that does not prevent the 
local races being distinct and capable of discrimination at their respective head quarters. 
Mr. Pryer (1, c.) makes some excellent remarks on the seasonal variability of this species 
in Japan. 
The figure shews both sides of a male specimen of the local race ¢imeus from Masuri 
in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
879. Chrysophanus pavana, Kollar. 
Polyommatus pavana, Kollar, Hiigel’s Kaschmir, vol. iv, pt. 2, p. 416, n. 2, pl. v, figs. 5, 6, male (1848) ; 
Chrysophanus fpavana, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C., vol. i, p. 28, n. 29 (1857); id., Moore, 
Proc. Zoo]. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 506, n. 110; idem, id., 1. c., 1874, p. 271, n. 62; idem, id., ].c., 1882,5 p. 2473 
Thecla panava, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p. 487, n. 143 (1852). 
HABITAT : Western Himalayas, 
EXPANSE: @, 2, 1°3 to 1°5 inches, 
