320 LYCANIDA. CHRYSOPHANUS. 
The next species belongs to a very aberrant group, which is distinguished by possessing 
a long filamentous tail to the hindwing. The Rev. R. P. Murray in discussing the importance 
of tails in the Zycenide for generic purposes, makes the following remarks regarding this 
tailed group of ‘* Coppers”:— ‘* The tailed hindwings appear at first sight of more impor- 
tance [than the presence of one or two metallic spots at the anal angle of the hindwing on 
the underside sometimes considered to afford a generic character], being certainly, to some 
extent, a structural character ; but a careful consideration of many interesting species, both 
in Lycena and the allied genus Chrysophanus, has forced me, somewhat reluctantly, to the 
conclusion that this, too, must be abandoned as a generic character. In CArysophanus the 
hindwing ordinarily presents a more or less marked projection on the first median nervule, 
which, however, cannot be designated a fai. In C. crus, Cramer, frora South Africa, this 
projection is wanting, so that the outline of the hindwing is rounded. On the other hand, 
we are unexpectedly met, in Persia, by a group of species, which are undoubtedly true 
Chrysophani, but which possess a tail, at least as well developed as in any known species be- 
longing to the so-called genus Lampides, Hiibuer. These species are named C. /ampon, Lederer, 
C. phenicurus, Lederer, and C. caspius, Lederer. The last two are very distinct species, 
to which it is unnecessary to refer further. But C. /ampon isso closely allied to C. ochimus, 
Herrich-Schaffer, that it can with difficulty be distinguished from it, except by the posses- 
sion of a long filiform tail. This curious tendency to produce tailed forms seems confined to 
Persia, so faras the genus Chrysophanus is concerned (the Persian Zycene do not share 
the character), since none either of the European or Himalayan species present the character, 
and the’only new CArysophanus discovered by M. Fedtchenko in Eastern Turkestan (C.  solshyd, 
Erschoff ) is equally destitute of a tail.” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 528.) 
882. Chrysophanus caspius, Lederer, var. tramsions, Staudinger. (PLaTe XXVII, 
Fic. 206 ¢). 
Polyommatus caspius, Lederer, Hor. Soc. Ent. ‘Ross., vol. vi, p. 76, pl. iv, fig. 3, male (1869); P. caspius, 
var. ¢ransiens, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1886, p, 201 ; Chrvsophanus susanus, Swinhoe, MS. 
Hasitat: (var. ¢ranstens only) Samarkand ; Gunduk, Quetta, Biluchistan. 
ExpaNsE: 6, 2, 1‘0 to I't inches. 
DESCRIPTION : MALE, UPPERSIDE, 40/2 wings purplish-brown; a fine anteciliary black 
line. Forewing with the basal two-thirds glossed with dull purple, the spots of the underside 
more or less showing through by transparency. AHindwing with a large patch of glossy dull purple 
in the middle of the wing. the disco-cellular nervules marked with a black line, a submarginal 
series of round black spots, beyond which is a narrow white line towards the anal angle, ¢ai/ 
black tipped with white. UNDERSIDE, 60th wings sordid white, a prominent fine black 
anteciliary line. Forewing with a round spot towards the base of the cell, with a similar 
one immediately below it, a larger oval spot across the middle of the cell, with a round spot 
just below it, a large quadrate spot closing the cell, with three unequal-sized spots below it 
divided by the median nervules, the middle one the largest ; an S-shaped subapical series 
of four conjoined spots, the two upper ones small; a submarginal regularly-curved somewhat 
narrow macular fascia, placed outwardly against it is an orange increasing band, a marginal 
series of round spots between the veins—all the spots and the submarginal fascia black. Hindwing 
ter being suffused inwardly with purplish-blue, this colour in certain lights pervading the 
Sema Dn the Tiadainy the spots are preceded by bluish black streaks pointing inwards, On the 
UNDERSIDE the spots are also smaller, and the coppery red bordering the three spots at the posterior angle 
i ighter.’ (/oo7e, 1. c.) : : 5 , ‘ 
. SE eta Mikes mt Calcutta, is a single male of this spec’es so identified by Mr. Moore. which 
I took in the Sind Valley, Kashmir, at the end of June. It certainly has the outer margin of the forewing 
on the upperside more broadly black than is usual in ©. 4asyafa, and the black spots in the median inter- 
spaces are ery small, in C. Aasyafa they are usually elongated into streaks completely filling the base of 
the interspaces. Mr. Moore describes C, 2+7%«sfa as having the marginal border ** sutiused inwardly with 
purplish blue,” which character he givesin other words for ©. kasyafa, “* the exterior margin black, sub- 
marginally bordered with purple.’’ All the characters Mr. Moore gives are evidently so slight, and, from 
my series of nearly forty male specimens, so variable, that I feel sure that C. za7zasfa cannot be considered 
to be even a local forin of C. kasyapa. 
