LYCENIDA., - — ZESIUS, 331 
is one of the most lovely butterflies inthe world; the brilliant~ golden patches on the 
upperside of the male having no counterpart amongst butterflies, though they are distantly 
rivalled by some species of the genus Plsia of the tribe Moctwes in Moths. Its range is very 
restricted : it is rare in Kumaon at an elevation of 5,000 to 7,000 feet, but common in Sikkim 
at an elevation of about 4,000 feet. 
_. The second subgroup of the Zy%ecla division of the Indian Zycenide contains twelve 
genera, all of which have two short filiform tails to the hindwing under half an inch in length 
in both sexes, arising from the terminations of the submedian nervure and first median nervule, 
except in the single genus ofa, mihi, in which the tails spring from the apices of the first 
and second median nervules respectively. One genus, Zeséus, Hiibner, is aberrant, in that the 
female has a third short tail from the end of the second median nervule. In the genus 7hamala, 
Moore, both tails, but especially the outer one, are longer in the female than in the male. 
The first genus, Zesizs, Hiibner, is the last of the three Indian genera (of which the two 
others are Améblypodia, Horsfield, and /raota, Moore) to exhibit sexual variability with 
regard to the number of subcostal nervules present in the forewing, the male having four and 
the female three. As noted above, the number of the tails to the hindwing is one more in 
the female than inthe male. The male has no secondary sexual characters. The coloration 
of the upperside of the only species which the genus contains is markedly dissimilar in 
the opposite sexes, the male being brilliant coppery, the female dull bluish. It is found 
throughout South India and Ceylon, occurring only in North India in one locality, wzz., the 
Malda district. 
The next two genera, Dacalana, Moore, and Arrhenothrix, mihi, may be spoken of 
together, as the males exhibit a sexual character not found in any other Indian genera of the 
Lycenide, both having a tuft of long white hairs on the upperside of the forewing in the 
middle of the submedian interspace lying downwards over a patch of modified and probably 
glandular scales; both also have inthe males a second large tuft of white hairs attached 
to the underside near the middle of the inner margin of the forewing and turned under 
and upwards, that portion of the wing being bowed outwards at the point of attachment of 
these hairs; further in both there is a large glandular patch of differently-formed scales on 
the upperside of the hindwing below the costa. In the first genus, Dacalana, the forewing 
of the male has four subcostal nervules, while the second genus, Avrhenothrix, has but three. 
It is most unfortunate that the species of both genera should be so rare, especially 
the females, which I have not seen. It is very desirable that the distribution of these 
genera should be correctly ascertained, also if the females of both have the same neuration 
as their respective males. At present Dacalana is recorded from Burma and the Malay 
Peninsula, but I doubt the correctness of this, and suspect that the specimens so recorded 
belong -to the genus Arrhenothrix. Dacalana occurs also in many of the Islands of the Malay 
Archipelago. Two species only have been described as belonging to it. A single species of 
Arrhenothrix only is known, which occurs in Assam and the Malay Peninsula. The males 
of all the species of these two genera are rich cerulean blue on the upperside, the costa and 
apex of the forewing broadly black; underside dull brown, with a prominent pure white 
discal line across both wings, and a fine dark line beyond. 
The next genus, Camena, Hewitson, shares with the two genera which immediately precede 
it the peculiarity of the lower disco-cellular nervule of the forewing being much longer than 
the middle disco-cellular ; both sexes possess three subcostal nervules to the forewing. The 
males have a tuft of hairs turned under and upwards on the forewing near the base of the inner 
margin, the margin being bowed outwards opposite the point of attachment; on the hindwing 
on the upperside below the costa there is a glandular patch of modified scales varying in size, 
All the males are blue on the upperside, as in the two preceding genera, of a richer shade 
than in the females. The genus appears to occur throughout India, in Burma, Ceylon, and Nias 
Island, but so far has not been recorded from the Malay Peninsula, 
