LYCANIDA. CAMENA. 339 
median nervule arising a little before the lower end of the cell. In the male the tuft of hairs 
attached to that portion of the inner margin which is strongly bowed outwardly is very 
long and thick. In the hindwing in the male is a large circular glandular patch of scales, the 
centre of which is usually the area formed at the junction of the subcostal nervules, but the patch 
extends much beyond this triangular space in every direction; the upper disco-cellular 
nervule is outwardly oblique, the lower of equal length, straight, outwardly oblique, but 
less so than the upper disco-cellular, 
This genus is fully distinct from Zo/1:, Hiibner, as described by Mr. Moore,* which, 
though it appears to have much the same male secondary sexual characters, is described as 
Raving four subcostal nervules to the forewing ; it is also distinct from the same genus as 
described by Mr. Triment, who states that the South African species have usually the male 
sexual characters of Camena, and the same number of subcostal nervules (three) to the 
forewing, but have the disco-cellular nervules of the forewing “ of about equal length,” while 
in Camena the mid lle disco-cellular is always less than half the length of the lower. It would 
appear therefore that true Camena does not occur in South Africa, but.is replaced by Zolats, 
Hiibner, and by two genera as yet unnamed, one with, the other without, male secondary sexual 
characters, the species of which Mr. Trimen places under /o/aws. No more needed work exists 
in the way of systematisation of the Ropalocera than as revision of the genera of the Zyce- 
wide of the world, At present, workers at local faunze appear hardly ever to agree as regards 
generic nomenclature, unless the classification of fifty years ago is alone accepted, and their 
work is made all the more difficult from the impossibility of obtaining for examination 
the types ef the various genera which have been described. 
{ have no hesitation in sinking the genus Pratapa, Moore, under Camena. As will be seen 
from the description below, the characters relied on to separate them are very slight, chiefly 
confined to outline of wings; the neuration is precisely the same, as also are the male secon- 
dary sexual characters, as I have ascertained by bleaching specimens of the type species of both 
genera. Ihave also adled to Camend the JSolaus cotys of Hewitson, which Mr. Moore has 
recently placed in his genus Duca/ina. This. species, however, lacks the secondary sexual 
characters of the male, unique amongst Indian Zyjcenide, consisting of a tuft of hair on the 
upperside of the forewing in the submedian interspace, which is typical of Dacalana, 
None of the species of Camena can be said to be really common, though the males of 
C. clesia, Hewitson, are met with in Sikkim in considerable numbers owing to their habit of 
coming down to the water-side to suck up mpisture from the sand. All have a very swift fligh 
and settle on the leaves of trees and bushes. C. cleoSis in Calcutta is much attracted—as are almost 
all Lycenide—by the clear honey-like fluid distilled by the flowers of the Poinsettva, otherwise 
the butterfly is seldom seen. All the species are rich blue on the upperside, with a more or less 
broad black costal and outer margin to both wings. The underside is white, dull sordid white, 
or brown, always with a discal series of spots or a line, sometimes with the disco-cellular nervules 
defined by a dark line, always with two black spots crowned with orange towards the anal angle 
of the hindwing. The females on the upperside are also always blue but of a paler duller 
shade than in the males, often with a submarginal series of black spots between the veins on the 
hindwing. Iam unable to give any indication of the distribution of the genus as understood by 
me outside Indian limits, though I may note that it is remarkable that no species has as yet been 
recorded from the Malay Peninsula. It is almost sure to occur in the Malay Archipelago also. 
* Journ. A. S. B., vol. liii, pt. 2, p. 34 (1884). 
+ South-African Butterflies, vol. ii, p. 125 (1887). 
t Genus Pratapa, Moore, Lep Cey., vol. i, p. 108 (1881). ‘‘ Allied to Jolaus, Hiibner, and Camena, Hewitson. 
From the latter it differs in having the FOREWING narrower and comparatively’ longer, the costa Straighter. 
HINbDWING, shorter, less produced hindward, the exterior margin below the apex even. Palfi with second joint 
longer and the third joint shorter. Mace with atuft on the posterior margin of the forewing anda glandular 
costal patch on the hindwing as in Camena. Fromtypical /olaus (1. helius, Fabricius) this genus differs in the 
more triangular form of the forewing, the hindwing having a uniformiy arched costa with the costal nervare 
extending to its apex ; the discoidal cell is less triangular, the disce-cellular nervul:s shorter and recurved. 
Type, 2. deva, Moore.” (Moore, |. c.) 
