LYCANIDA, APHNAUS. 361 
plains and on the lower slopes of the eastern Himalayas there is probably a constant succession 
of broods, and it is in such localities that the greatest extremes are met with, together with 
all the intermediates. To enable students the better to work out these varying forms for 
themselves, I have given the descriptions of all of them, quoting only in the habitat headings 
the localities assigned for each by competent entomologists, and with my own remarks and 
additional localities at foot. 
914. Aphnzaus ictis, Hewitson. 
A, ictis, Hewitson, Il. Diurn. Lep., p. 61, n. 5, pl. xxv, figs. 8, 9, female (1855) 3 id., Moore, Proc. 
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 272, n.723;idem,id., Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 107 (1881) ; id., Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 134, n. 78; idem, id., I. c., 1886, p. 428,n. 593 Spindasés ictis, var. ceylanica, Felder, 
Verh, zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xviii, p. 28x (1858), 
Hasitat : Northern India (Hewitson) ; Kashmir, Ceylon (Aoore) ; Ceylon (Felder). 
EXPANSE: 6, 1°35 inches. 
DESCRIPTION : ‘f MALE. [Judging from the figure, the specimen described and figured 
by Mr. Hewitson is a female.] Upprersipr, doth wings rufous-brown. forewing with a 
large medial orange space, a spot in the cell, an oblique transverse band in the middle, a 
single spot near the costal margin, followed by a short band of two spots, and an oblique 
band (which borders the brown of the outer margin and forms a triangle with the medial 
band), all dark brown. Aindwing with the space between and above the black spots near 
the tails orange. UNDERSIDE, doth wings orange-yellow, with the transverse bands rufous 
bordered narrowly with rufous-brown, traversed by spots and lines of gold, the submarginal 
band composed of minute brown spots.” 
‘* A variety of this species has the orange space on the upperside of the forewing much 
smaller than that of the figure, and in the form of a triangle.’”’ (Hezitson, 1. c.) 
** MALE. Smaller, with the fulvous spot of the forewing smaller or wanting, the anal spot 
of the hindwing dull and smaller, the lower surface brownish, the fascioles of it paler and 
broader and with the anal spot of the hindwing this also much smaller, rounded and obsolete.” 
“ The insect figured by Hewitson as icéis is a female, and not, as he specifies, a male.” 
(Felder, 1. c.) 
Mr. Moore describes the Ceylon form as follows :—* MALE. UppErsIDE, both wings 
purple violet-brown ; lower discal areas glossed wiih ultramarine-blue. Forewing with a smalf 
somewhat triangular orange-red spot. Azdzwzg with the anal lobe also red and spotted with 
black. UNDERSIDE, oth wings pale dull sulphur-yellow, the transverse markings of a slightly 
darker ochreous-yeliow, all with a black-bordered line and medial silvery streak ; exterior 
margins with a row of slender black spots. FEMALE, UPPERSIDE, doth wings brown, basal 
areas greyish vinous-brown. /orewing with the orange spot large, broad, obliquely divided, 
and occupying the discal area.” UNDERSIDE, doth wings as in the male. 
‘*Mr. Hewitson gives Northern India as the locality for A. ictis. His description and 
figures are taken from a female specimen (so labelled by him) in the British Museum Collection, 
which, though ticketed as from Ceylon, is not so stated by him. The variety which he 
indicates as ‘‘ having the orange space on forewing smaller,” is the Northern Indian specimen 
referred to as beingin his own collection, and which he mistook to be the same as the Ceylon 
type. The Indian specimen so noted by him belongs to a distinct species; common in 
Upper India.” (Jfoore, 1. c. in Lep. Cey.) 
I have before me a considerable series of this species from Ceylon, the typical locality. 
In all the males the orange patch on the upperside of the forewing is small, and in only one 
of the females is it anything like as large as is shewn in Hewitson’s figure of that sex. It 
appears therefore that Hewitson was hardly right in calling the specimens with a small orange 
patch varieties of A. ictis, as that is the commoner form, In addition to these specimens, I 
possess typical ones from Mundi, in the Western Himalayas, taken by Mr. A. Grahame Young 
in July, August, and September, from Faizabad in Oudh, from Bholahat in the Malda District, 
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