362 LYCANID. APHNAUS. 
from Barrackpore and Calcutta (taken only during the rains), from Orissa, Bangalore, the Cen- 
tral Provinces, and from Mhow. Colonel Swinhoe has recorded this species from ‘‘ Poona, 
November to April,” and from Mhow from ‘* November to July.” I have seen a number of 
these specimens ; they are all typical 4. e/ima, Moore, save, perhaps, one or two, which are 
rather intermediate between these two species. Most probably, however, the true 4. ictis 
occurs there during the rains. 
915. Aphnaus trifurcata, Moore. 
A. trifurcata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 251. 
Hasitat: N.-W. Himalaya, Dharmsala (J/oore). 
EXxpPANSE: ¢, 1°3; 9, I°5 inches. 
DESCRIPTION: ** MALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings violet-brown, basal area of a more 
greyish-blue tint than in 4. ictis, Hewitson. Forewing with the orange spot trifurcate 
and triangular. UNDERSIDE, doth wings of a deeper chrome-yellow than in A. icfés, the 
silver-streaked bands similarly disposed, but all nearly dusky black throughout their breadth, 
the marginal slender spots more prominent. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings paler than 
in the male, basal area greyish vinous-brown. /orewing with the orange spot small, not larger 
than that of the male.” UNDERSIDE, doth wings asin the male. (JZoore, 1. c.) 
I have no less than eight specimens of this species identified by Mr. Moore from Kalka in 
the Punjab, Orissa, and Bangalore. Every single character given above as distinctive for 
A. trifurcata breaks down in one or another of these eight specimens, and I am unable to 
distinguish it from A. ictis. Colonel Swinhoe records it from Karachi, and ‘‘ several taken in 
the Hubb River by Captain Becher in September, 1885.” Mr. G. F. Hampson reports it as 
**not uncommon on the lower slopes of the Nilgiris.” 
916. Aphnaus Ehtirdanus, Moore. 
A. khurdanus, Moore, Journ, A, S. B., vol. liii, pt. 2, p. 26 (1884), 
HapBitTaT: Calcutta; Khurda, Orissa (JZoore). 
EXpaANSE: ¢@, 10 to I'I inches. 
DESCRIPTION: ‘* MALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings dark brown, [brilliantly glossed with 
violet in some lights]. Forewing with the base dark slaty-blue. Aindwing dark slaty-blue, 
anal lobe red, spots black. UNDERSIDE, doth wings dull pale purplish brownish-ochreous, 
markings very similar to those on the underside of the same sex of A. ¢rifurcata, Moore, but 
comparatively narrower and more regular in outline.” 
**This species belongs tothe /ohita-group of Apineus. On the underside the markings 
are extremely like those in A. ¢rifurcata, but the upperside of the forewing has no red 
patch, asin A. ¢rifurcata. The colour of the upperside is also of a much darker tint, and 
the outline of the forewing is comparatively more triangular.” (JAZvore, 1. c.) 
This species (ihe type of which from Orissa with another specimen from Calcutta identified 
by Mr. Moore are before me) does not properly belong to the 4. /ohifa-group ; the female will 
probably be grey on the upperside, with an orange patch on the forewing, instead of being en- 
tirely smoky-brown, and on the underside the mark in the cell of the forewing of a different 
shape, while the subbasal markings of the hindwing in the male instead of being continuous as in 
A. lohita are divided into three well-separated spots. Ft comes therefore into the 4. zc¢is-group. 
This species may typically be known by the male (the female has yet to be discovered) 
having the forewing on the upperside unspotted and by the curious tint of the underside. 
I possess many specimens from Sikkim which agree exactly with the type, but by slight 
and almost imperceptible degrees they merge into 4, /unulifera, Moore, on the one side, 
and into A. zclis, Hewitson, on the other. I can therefore only consider A. khurdanus to 
be a varietal form of A. #cfis, occurring only perhaps in Eastern India (Orissa, Calcutta, and 
Sikkim) and even there not as a constant form, but gradually merging into A. ftefés. 
