LYCANID&. APHNAUS, 367 
its lower portion posterior to the third median nervule slightly shifted outwardly; a 
figure of eight beyond, two invariably well-separated spots beyond again, a catenulated 
submarginal band, a marginal series of short lines between the nervules ; the base of the 
inner margin dusky black. Hindwing with a small black spot at the base of the cell, 
three oval ring-spots beyond arranged in a straight line, a discal straight band, broken 
posteriorly, then bent upwards to the abdominal margin, with a round ring-spot above it, 
an outer upper discal band from the costa to the third median nervule, a submarginal 
narrow band, broken above the anal angle, then continued obliquely to the abdominal margin, 
below the broken portion is a small oblong orange-yellow patch not nearly reaching the 
outer margin, a broken marginal line as in the forewing, the anal lobe bearing two promi- 
nent black spots. Bedy concolorous with the wings above, black banded with pale yellow 
below. FEMALE. UPPERSIDF, forewing dusky black, with a moderate-sized oval orange 
discal patch bearing two round black spots placed obliquely, the lower discal area and basa 
area extending into the cell slightly bright plumbeous-silvery. Hedanng ’ with the base and 
disc streaked with plumbeous-silvery between the veins. 
Described from six males and five females, which have been taken by Mr. A. Grahame Young 
in the Kulu Valley in June, by Mr, P. W. Mackinnon at Masuri in May, and by Colonel A. M. 
Lang, R. E., at Bhowali, 5,600 feet, Kumaon, in May, and at Naini Tal, 5,500 feet, also 
in May ; also at Saria Tal, 5,600 feet, and at Sat Tal, 4,500 feet, both near Naini Tal. 
All these specimens are remarkably constant; the pale yellow colour of the underside with 
concolorous bands should enable it to be easily recognised. From the description of 4. xifali- 
cus, Moore, it appears to be very near to that species, but the bands are not slightly darker than 
the ground, and of a somewhat purpurascent-yellow colour as in that species. 
The figure shews both sides of the female type speciemen from Masuri in my collection. 
924. Aphnzus sani, de N. (PLATE XXV, Fic. 146 ?). 
A. sani, de Nicéville, Journ, A. S. B., vol. lvii, pt. 2, p. 282, n. 12, pl. xiv, fig. 7, female (1888). 
HasiTaT: Sikkim, Bhutan. 
EXPANSE: @, 2, I°5 inches, 
DESCRIPTION: “MALE. UPPERSIDE, 40th wings exactly as in A. rukma, mihi, but the 
ferruginous spot beyond the discoidal cell rather larger. UNDERSIDE, doth wings differ from 
that species in the ground-colour being pale cinnamon-red instead of pale chrome-yellow, all 
the bands and spots the same, but, instead of being filled in with dark chrome-yellow they are 
dark cinnamon-red. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, forewing black, with an oval suffused ferruginous 
patch on the disc marked inthe middle by a black spot; the lower discal and basal areas 
metallic plumbeous-silvery. Mzndwing dull fuscous, sparsely sprinkled with plumbeous 
scales. UNDERSIDE, forewing very pale chrome-yellow, the inner margin broadly whitish ; the 
figure of eight and two spots beyond much smaller than in 4. uma and quite divided. 
Hindwing, ground-colour dull pale cinnamon, marked as in the male.” 
‘* This species is known to me by three male specimens almost exactly alike in the collec- 
tion of Mr. Otto Moller, one of which was taken in Sikkim on 11th July, 1884, another is 
without date, and the third was taken in Bhutan in April, 1887, also from a single female in the 
collection of Mr. G. C. Dudgeon, also taken in Sikkim, on 6th May, 1887.” 
“ Whether 4. xipalicus, A. rukma, A. rukmini and A. sani are four distinct or one 
protean species must remain undecided for the present. The ground-colour of A. nipalicus 
and 4. rukma is the same on the underside, vz., yellow, but the former has the bands and 
spots marked with a silvery line which the latter has not. The colour of 4. rukmini is dull 
Indian-red or stone-colour, the bands marked with a silvery line; of A. sanz cinnamon-red, 
with no silvery line. By these characters, as far as my specimens go, the various species can be 
readily distinguished.” (de Nicéville, 1, c.) 
