388 LYCANIDE. : THAMALA, 
scarlet on both wings, with the costa, apex and outer margin of the forewing black, the red 
portion crossed by black veins The underside of both sexes is luteous, rather paler in the 
female, with an indistinct darker discal line ending in a small patch of white on the abdominal 
margin of the hindwing. The female has the upperside of the forewing black, dull red in the 
middle, divided by a black streak ; the hindwing anteriorly brown, mixed with dull red, the 
posterior half of the wing grey. The male has two short tails, the outer one atthe end of the 
first median nervule about one-third longer than the inner one at the end of the submedian 
nervure. The female has much longer tails ; the inner one is as long as the outer one in the 
male, while the outer one is fully three times as long. 
943. Thamala miniata, Moore. (PLaTe XXVIII, Fics. 212 Oi 213) 2))= 
T. miniata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 834, pl. lii, fig. 6, ale ; idem, id., Journ. Linn. Soc. 
Lond., Zoology, vol, xxi, p. 42, pl. iv, fig. i, Zevzale (1886). 
HasitaT: Taoo, 3,500 feet, Upper Tenasserim ; Mergui; Beeling and Moulmein, Lower 
Burma; Bhamo, Upper Burma. 
EXPANSE: 6, 1°37 to 1°50; 9, 1°40 to I’S0 inches. 
DESCRIPTION: * MALE and FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings deep scarlet-vermilion. 
Forewing with the base, the costal and the outer borders broadly black, confining the red 
colour to a circular area ; veins also black-lined, the median nervure prominently so, and forming 
a slight streak at the base of its branches. Aindwing black at the extreme base, along 
abdominal border, and slightly along median nervules ; exterior border narrowly black, some 
black speckles ascending between the first median nervule and the submedian nervure ; ¢az/s red, 
black-margined and white-tipped in the female, UNDERSIDE, doth wings luteous-yellow in 
the male, ochreous-yellow in the female, with an indistinct dusky discal zigzag-lunular line 
terminating above the anal angle [of the hindwing] in a white-speckled patch. AHzndwing with 
the cz/éa black, the margin also black-lined from the angle ; space above the tails black- and white- 
speckled. Body beneath, /egs, and fa/pi white, speckled with black ; tip of palpi black.” (AZoore, 
l. c. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.) Mr. Moore seems to have described two males as the opposite 
sexes of this species, they being very different in appearance on the upperside, but he has 
since correctly described the female as follows :— ‘FEMALE, UppersIDE, forewing dark 
rufescent-brown, with a large broad bright red medial patch, which nearly encompasses the 
black spotat the base of the median nervules. édzwing with the anterior half brown, the 
costal border being edged with red; lower half, including its bordering c/a and the Jéai/s, 
grey.” (Joore, |. c. in Journ, Linn. Soc.) 
When describing this species, Mr. Moore made no reference whatever to the “* Myrina”’ 
marciana of Hewitson, described some years previously. Comparing a male of 7. mzniata 
with Hewitson’s figure of the male of 7. marciana and with a specimen of it from S.-E. Borneo 
in my possession, I can discover no difference whatever. The female of 7. marciana is shown 
with a small round red patch in the middle of the forewing on the upperside, but Hewitson says 
that the example figured was imperfect, but he describes the markings correctly. In other 
respects Hewitson’s figure of the female isgood. In my opinion, there is little doubt that 
T. marciana and 7, miniata form but one species, but I keep Mr. Moore’s species distinct till the 
type specimens of botk species can be compared. I append a description of 7. marciana.* Mr, 
W. Doherty, who knows both species in life, unhesitatingly says that they are but one species. 
* Thamala marciana, Hewitson. Myrina marciana, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep., p. 34, n. 22, pl. xvi, 
fig. 44, male; pl. xii, figs. 12, 13, female (1863) ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc, Lond., Zoology, secoad series, 
vol. 1, p. 549, n. 4 (1887) ; marciana, Distant, Rhop Malay., pp. 282, 465 pl. xxiii, fig. 16, /ewale 
(1885-86). Haprrat: Malacca, Borneo (Butler), Sumatra and Sarawak (Hewitson). Expans® : Male, 1°40 ; 
Jemale, 1°65 inches. DescripTION: ‘“‘ MaLe. Uprersibe, doth wings dull scarlet. Forewing with the base, the 
costal margin, the apex, and the outer margin broadly dark brown ; the veins and a spot at the base of the median 
nervules black. AWindwing with the abdominal fold brown, the outer margin, which is narrow, and faz/s black. 
Unversipe, both wings rufous, crossed beyond the middle by an indistinct interrupted brown line, both with 
a line at the end of the cell. Aindwing with two ill-defined spots at the base of the tails, the lobe, and the 
outer margin black ; a spot at the anal angle anda submarginal line white. FEMALE, UppERSIDE, both wings 
rufous-brown. Forewing with an oblong rufous spot at the end of the cell, divided by the disco-cellular~ ner- 
yules, two spots (scarcely seen) between the median nervules, and a fourth rufous spot below these (forming 
