LYCENIDA. HORAGA, 415 
second median nervule from near the end of the cell ; /vs¢ median at one-third before the end ; 
submedian nervure straight. HINDWING, short, broad, bluntly oval 3 exterior margin uneven, 
furnished with three slender ¢az/s, [the middle the longest] ; costal mervure much curved its entire 
length ; frst sebcostal nervule at one-third before the end of the cell ; disco-cellular nervules ob- 
lique, disco¢dal nervule from their middle ; ¢Aird and second median nervules from the end of the 
cell, fivs¢ median at one-third before the end ; sdbmedian nervure slightly curved, internal 
nervure recurved. Bopy, short ; ¢horax stout ; fa/fi porrect, second joint squamose, slender» 
extending half beyond the head, third joint cylindrical, one-third the length of the second ; 
legs short ; antenne short, gradually thickening toa pointed club. Type, Horaga onyx, 
Moore.” (JZoore, 1. c.) 
“The males of the genus Hovaga[except H. viola, Moore, and A. albimacula, Wood- 
Mason and de Nicéville] may at once be distinguished from the females by an oval ochreous 
glandular patch of closely-packed scales on the underside of the forewing placed on and near the 
middle of the submedian nervure.” (de Nicéville, Journ, A. S. B., vol. lii, pt. 2, p. 97 (1883). 
In neuration //oraga comes very close to Rathinda, Moore. In the forewing the costal 
nervure and subcostal nervules in Hovaga lie much closer together than in Rathinda ; the 
costal nervure ends opposite to the apex of the discoidal cell ; the first subcostal nervule 
is slightly bowed upwards towards the costal nervure soon after its origin ; the base of the 
second subcostal is considerably nearer to the base of the first than it is to the base of the 
upper discoidal ; the middle disco-cellular is much shorter than the lower, both are only 
very slightly concave and upright, and thus more in one straight line than in Rathinda ; the 
second median nervule is given off some little distance before the lower end of the 
discoidal cell. In the males of those species which have a glandular patch of scales on the sub- 
median nervure, the inner margin of the wing is bowed outwards opposite this patch. In the 
hindwing the costal nervure is much shorter than in Rathinda, not nearly reaching the apex of 
the wing ; the disco-cellular nervules are strongly outwardly oblique and in one straight line, 
and are slightly concave ; the second and third median nervules have a common origin at the 
lower end of the cell, the internal nervure is staighter than in Rathinda. The eyes are 
naked. The palpi are longer in the females than in the males. The antennz are considerably 
less than half as long as the costa of the forewing. 
Like Catapecilma, Butler, Rathinda and Drupadia,Moore, and Eooxylides, mihi, this genus 
is furnished with three tails to the hindwing in both sexes, and has only two subcostal nervules to 
the forewing. The outline of Horaga is somewhat variable, as 4. albimacula, Wood-Mason and 
de Nicéville, and A. viola, Moore, have the outer margin of the forewing in both sexes much 
convexed, this feature being usually seen in the female only. Ido not quite know what Mr, 
Moore means by calling the discoidal cell of the forewing “ recurved.’ The outer tail at the end 
of the second median nervule is the shortest, the inner one at the apex of the submedian nervure 
is about twice as long, and the middle one at the termination of the first median nervule the 
longest of all, twice as long as the innermost one. About ten species of the genus have, as 
far as I can ascertain, been described, all of which, except the ‘* AZyrina” menala of Hewitson 
from Borneo, which may belong to a different genus, have in both sexes a prominent pure 
white patch in the middle of the forewing on the upperside, which patch on the underside is 
usually larger, and crosses the hindwing in the form of a medial fascia. All the species are 
more or less blue or purple on the upperside, except 4 vzola, Moore, which is violet-brown 
in both sexes, The genus is a purely Oriental one, its head-quarters being in India, where 
it occurs in the Himalayas and Assam, Orissa, South India, Ceylon, and Burma, it is found 
also in the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Isles, also in some of the Islands of the Malay 
Archipelago, Many of the species are very closely allied, and are consequently very diffi- 
cuit to discriminate, and where more than one species occurs in the same locality, it is by no 
means easy to pair the sexes correctly, Their flight is rapid, but they do not fly far, quickly 
settling again, usually on a leaf of a bush ory tree. 
