LYCANIDA, LOXURA. 435 
@iscotdal] nervule from their middle ; déscoidal cell broad, longest at its upper end ; second 
median nervile at one-fifth and frs¢ median at one-third before the end of the cell ; submedian 
nervure almost straight. HINDWING, short, produced hindwards into a broad lengthened 
tail ; exterior margin even, very oblique below the apex, addominal margin very long, anal 
Jobe moderate ; costal mervure arched at the base and thence straight to near the apex ; first 
subcostal nervitle at one-third before the end of the cell ; dzsco-cellular nervules recurved ; 
radial [d¢sco¢daZ nervule] from their middle ; d@zscoddal cell broad ; third metian nervule from 
immediately before the end of the cell ; frst median at nearly one-half before the end ; szd- 
median nervure long, extending to the anal angle ; z#z¢erna/ nervure recurved, Bopy small, 
short ; falpz porrect, very long, [still longer in the female than in the male], flattened and 
squamose throughout, second joint projecting two-thirds beyond the head, third joint half its 
length ; egs short, thick, squamose ; avfezne@ short, one-third only of the length of the costa, 
thickened throughout their length. Ayes naked. Type, Z. atymnus, Cramer.” (Afoore, 1, c.) 
In the forewing the costal nervure reaches to opposite the apex of the discoidal cell ; the base 
of the second subcostal nervule is nearer to that of the upper discoidal than to that of the first 
subcostal, the third subcostal originates at about the middie of that portion of the subcostal 
nervure which extends from the apex of the cell to the apex of the wing ; the disco-cellular 
nervules are concave, of nearly equal length, slightly inwardly oblique ; the median nervules 
lying close together leave a wide submedian interspace, second median nervule originating 
just before the lower end of the cell. Inthe hindwing the costal nervure is arched at base, 
curved thence to the apex of the wing; the disco-cellular nervules of about equal length, 
slightly concave and outwardly oblique, the second median nervule originating just before the 
lower end of the cell ; tail long, broad at base, traversed for more than halfits length by the first 
median nervule ; anal lobe small, abdominal margin shallowly excavated above the anal lobe. 
In the female the wings are broader than in the male, and the costa of the forewing is much more 
arched. The male has no secondary sexual characters. 
The transformations of this genus are normal, the larva and pupa presenting no especial 
peculiarities. 
The genus Zoxura is found almost throughout India, in Ceylon, the Andaman and Nicobar 
Isles, in Burma, and throughout the Malay Peninsula and Islands. It has aclose superficial 
resemblance to the genus Vasoda, Doherty, MS, which follows. 
Four species of the genus Zoxura have been recorded from Indian limits. Iam un- 
able to give a single character by which these species can infallibly be identified. Two of 
them are recorded from islands only, where for countless years they must have been completely 
shut off from communication with the mainland—a Zoxurais a very weak-flying insect—and 
yet the parent form has become but little modified, and what slight modifications have arisen are 
not constant. Not only are the uppersides of these several so-called species variable in the 
shade of orange they exhibit, and in the breadth of the outer black margins, but the undersides 
present the greatest diversity of markings and shades of colour, some specimens being very pale 
saffron yellow with hardly a single marking, others are deep brownish-yellow, profusely marked 
over their entire surface. I am quite certain that if a considerable number of specimens of these 
four recorded Indian species had their locality labels removed and they were mixed up, no one 
could ever correctly sort them into their respective localities again. Individual specimens may 
perhaps be recognised if they represent the typical extreme form of the species, but inter- 
mediate specimens are quite unrecognisable. I will not attempt to give a key to the species, 
as from it they could not be determined with certainty were the locality of the specimens lost. 
I have kept the descriptions of these four species separate to enable students to study them 
the more easily, though I hold very strongly to the opinion that these so-called distinct species 
are not even worthy of the rank of local races. They are very conspicuous butterflies on the 
wing, and are usually to be found amongst trees and bushes, especially bamboos. They have 
rather a weak flight, and their long tails soon get broken. 
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