470 LYCASNIDAL. RAPALA. 
to December. It occurs apparently throughout Assam, and thence southwards through Burma 
to Singapore and again in Java, and is a common species where met withe 
10oc8. Rapala xenophon, Fabricius. 
Hesperia xenophon, Fabr'cius, Ent. Syst., vol. iii, pt. 1, p. 272, n. 47 (1793); Polyommatus axenophon, 
Godart, Enc. Méth,, vol. ix, p. 640, n. 85 (1823); Zhecla xenophon, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. I. C., Pp. O45 
n. 27 (1829) ; Difsas xenophon, Horsfield and Moore,Cat. Lep. Mus. E, I. C., vol. i, p. 31, n. 38, pl. x, figs. 
3, larva; 3a, pupa (1857); Nadisepa xenophon, Moore, Journ, Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, vol. xxi, p. 43 
(1885) ; Deudorix xenophon, Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 465, n. 7, pl. xliv, figs. 1, male ; 2, female (1886) ; 
D. dieneces, Hewitson, (male only), Ill. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 31, n. 35, pl. Suppl. va, figs. 65, 67, male 
(nec 66, female) (1878); Deudorix enipeus, Staudinger, var. intermedius, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett, p. 279 
(1888). 
HABITAT: Calcutta, Sylhet, Cachar, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Andaman Isles, Nias 
Island, Sumatra, Java. 
EXpANSE: ¢&, 2, 1°1 to I'5 inches. 
DESCRIPTION: ‘MALE. UPPERSIDE, oth wings deep fulvous inclining to red ; near the 
middle the exterior border has a sudden angular projection, from which the borders continue 
broader to the base. orewzng with broad black borders on all the margins. Aindwing with 
very narrow black marginal threads exteriorly and posteriorly, and the nervures, in general, 
of the'same colour ; the anal region has in both sexes, within the extreme blackish boundary, 
a white thread, which encloses the anal appendage. UNDERSIDE, doth wings grayish- 
brown with a slight cupreous reflexion, the disc marked with a short oblique white streak, 
delicately bordered with brown, and intermediate between this and the posterior margin 
is a saturated reddish-brown striga, being nearly straight in the forewing, and slightly 
interrupted in the hindwing, until it approaches the anal region, where it makes a sudden 
curve, becomes flexuose, and terminates near the middle of the interior margin; it hasa 
faint exterior edge of white, which, in the hindwing, increases in intensity to the anal 
region, where it is of a brilliant satin white, and accompanied bya parallel interior striga of 
the same colour. Aindwing, anal appendage entirely covered by a round black spot; an 
oblong spot of the same colour extends exteriorly of the tail, in a marginal band of a more 
saturated tint than the ground-colour, surrounded by a ferruginous ring, but without a 
distinct iris; a round group of white atoms occupies the space between this and the 
anal appendage; a brilliant white thread, commencing near the middle of the posterior 
margin, winds along the anal region and appendage, being edged by the extreme brown cz/ia. 
Body covered with long delicate hairs, which are ferruginous-brown above and grayish under- 
neath ; /egs banded alternately white and black; ¢az/ black, tipt with white ; eves witha 
pronounced white edge posteriorly ; azfexne@ annulated with white, the club being tipt with 
brown. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings uniformly deep brown.” Otherwise as in the male. 
‘*LARVA varies at different periods in colour from yellow with a greenish cast, to dark 
ferruginous-brown, and at one period the lateral bands are very obscure. Feeds on Schmiedelia 
racemosa.” (Horsfield, 1, c.) Head rather large, segments increasing in size from the 
second to the fifth, thence to anal segment of equal size, with a subdorsal and lateral row 
of short tubercles bearing clumps of short closely-set bristly hairs; the body just above 
the legs fringed with hairs ; there is a narrow black dorsal line, the segments blotched with 
black, a subdorsal reddish band. Pupa very rounded, the head and anal segment bluntly 
pointed, brown sprinkled with darker brown and reddish marks, Description drawn up from 
the figures in the Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I. C. from drawings made by Dr. Horsfield in Java. The 
larva and pupa of &. xenophon are very similar to those of R. jarbas. 
There should be no difficulty in recognising the male of this species, the forewing having 
the veins red where they cross the red area, not black as in RX. sardas, Fabricius, the inner 
margin being broadly black, and the base also in the hindwing being broadly black. The female 
is dull brown, not strongly tinted with cupreous on the upperside, asin &. jardas. On the 
