478 LYCANIDZ. VIRACHOLA. 
distinct single white submarginal line. Azxdwing with a large black anal and subanal spot, 
the former inwardly white-bordered, the latter with an ochreous border, intervening space 
blue-speckled. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings violet-brown. Forewing with a more 
distinct ochreous spot beyond the cell than in the male, which is diffused hindwards in some 
specimens. ndwing with a prominent subanal black spot which is inwardly bordered with 
ochreous, and outwardly by grey-white speckles, the speckles continued to the anal angle.” 
UNDERSIDE, doth wings as in the male. (JZoore, 1. c. in Lep. Cey.) 
Lauva °8 of an inch in length when full-grown ; ground-colour blackish-brown, the con- 
strictions between the segments well-marked, the head comparatively large, fuscous, covered 
with rugosities or short semicircular tubercles, the segments rapidly increasing in size to the 
fourth, then gradually tapering to the thirteenth, which latter is about as wide as the second 
segment ; second segment anteriorly flesh-coloured, the third segment entirely flesh-coloured, 
the seventh and eighth bearing a large dorsal square flesh-coloured patch, the three anal seg- 
ments scutate, all the segments widely pitted and covered with short but coarse black bristles, 
which are more numerous at the sides and whitish. This larva is very ugly, to be accounted for 
perhaps by its passing its life out of sight in the interior of a fruit. In Calcutta I have reared 
the larva on the fruit of the Randia dumetorum, Lamk., which belongs to the Mader family 
(Rubiacee). I once found a larvain the fruit of the Loquot (Z77obotrya japonica, Lindl), 
of whichit ate the hard central seed or stone only. It emerged on April 4th. Messrs. F. 
E. Pargiter and E, C. Cotes have bred it from the fruit of the Guava (Psidium guava, Raddi). 
Its usual food appears however to be the fruit of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, Linnzeus). 
Pura of the usual lyceenid shape, brown, marked with a dorsal and lateral black line, the whole 
surface very rough, covered with tiny pits, furnished with a few short coarse bristles, which 
are most numerous round the sharp anterior ridge which encloses the head ; the wing-cases pale 
ochreous ; head rounded, anal segment blunt. 
“This butterfly [Vivachola isocrates] resides in the larva state in the interior of the pome- 
granate, seven or eight, at least [this is very unusual, I have never found more than one 
Jarva or pupa in a single fruit, two or three would probably be the maximum ordinarily, 
even then one or more would probably have to emigrate to a fresh fruit, before becoming full- 
fed], having been reared in the interior of the small fruit now exhibited. Of the mode in 
which the eggs are deposited by the female in the interior of the pomegranate no information 
has been received; it is, however, probable that this is effected whilst the fruit is in its very 
young state. [The eggs are laid by the butterfly in the calyx of the flower of the young fruit.] 
The caterpillars feed upon the seeds and inner part of the fruit, which is thus rendered weak, 
and unable to support its own weight, and consequently liable to have its stem broken, and 
to fall to the ground with the first wind. This, however, would be destruction to the inclosed 
insects, since, in all probability, they would find it impossible to make their escape were the 
fruit to be suffered to lay rotting upon the ground. To obviate this evil, the caterpillars, when 
fuil-fed, have the instinct to eat a hole [this is incorrectly stated, there is always a hole in 
the fruit for the larva to cast forth its dejections], about a quarter of an inch in diameter, 
through the hard shell of the fruit, whilst it remains upon the tree; through this hole they 
then creep to the stem of the fruit, and spin a white web, which they attach to the basal part 
of the fruit as well as to the stem, for about the distance of an inch along the latter. This 
web is sufficiently strong to support the pomegranate from falling after the wind has broken 
the stem near to the fruit.” 
‘«* From the circumstance of this specimen of the fruit exhibited having as many holes in it 
as there were caterpillars inhabiting it, it is most probable that the web thus spun is a joint pro- 
duction of the whole. It is curious, as evidencing the instinctive impulses under which each of 
the inclosed larvae must have acted, that, instead of availing themselves of the first aperture 
made in the fruit, each caterpillar should be at the trouble of making a hole for itself, a cir- 
cumstance which renders it the more probable that all joined in spinning the web.” 
