LYCENIDA., SINTHUSA. 487 
his species differs from the Zhecla malika of Horsfield. The name “chandrana” is based 
on a misconception ; it is evidently derived from the name of the river Chandra which 
runs through Lahoul, the habitat given for the species, which never could have come 
from there, the Szz/huse being forest-haunting species, and Lahoul being bare of trees. The 
type specimens of S. chandrana were probably captured by Mr. A. Grahame Young in South 
Kulu at 5,000 feet elevation, and given by him to the Rev. H. Hocking, who as usual did not 
ticket the specimens. I have no hesitation in placing Mr, Moore’s species “ H.” grotez, described 
from ** N.-E. Bengal, ” as a synonym of S. chandrana, as I find from the long series of this 
Species that I possess that tht typical Western Himalayan form (chandyana) runs into and is 
found with the typical Eastern Himalayan form (gvofe?). Lastly Mr. Moore in 1884 placed 
thandrana in his new genus Ch/iarza, but this is clearly incorrect, because Ch/éaria has two 
subcostal nervules to the forewing while chandrana has three, and two tails to the hindwing 
while chandrana has but one. 
I find that S. chandrana is one of the most variable of the Lycenide. In the Western 
Himalayas, from whence Ihave the fewest specimens, it appears to be fairly constant, the cate- 
nulated bands of the underside narrow and clearly defined. It is in Sikkim and Assam that the 
Species varies so much. Here typical chandrana is occasionally met with, but the more com- 
mon form has the bands of the underside much broader, often more or less confluent, very 
prominent, and the ground-colour much darker. The females show extraordinary variability on 
the upperside. Some specimens are entirely glossy fuliginous-black, with some obscure 
irrorated white patches between the veins near the outer margin of the hindwing ; 
others have a small whitey-ochreous patch on the forewing, with the white on the hindwing 
more developed ; others have a large whitey-ochreous patch on the forewing, the outer half of 
the hindwing also white ; lastly Mr. Moller possesses a very aberrant Sikkim specimen in 
which there is a bright ochreous somewhat large oval patch on the disc of the forewing, 
the hindwing unmarked. Mr. P. W. Mackinnon possesses a most typical specimen of S. cvofez 
taken by himself in the Dehra Dun at the end of July. In Sikkim 8. chandrana occurs from 
March to May and again in September, but is by no means a common species, at Shillong it 
occurs in March, and from July to September. I possess a single specimen from Tsenbo, 
Upper Burma, taken by Major Adamson in May. 
I think it probably that the ‘** 7zecla” fratti of Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, 
p- 110, n. 49, pl. vii, fig. 4, ave, from Foochau and Kiukiang in China, will hereafter be 
shewn to be a synonym of S. chandrana, 
I append as foot-notes descriptions of S, malika, Horsfield, and S. gvote?, Moore.” 
* Sinthusa malika, Horsfield. Thecla malika, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. I. C., p. go, n. 22 (1829) ; Dip- 
sas malika, Horsheld and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C., vol. i, p. 37, n. 43, pl. ia, fig. 5, sale (1857) 3 
Myrina malika, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep., p. 37,N. 34, pl. xv, figs. 41-43, wale (1863); Haprrar: Nias 
Island, Sumatra, Java. Expanse: JJale, 1*1 inch. Description: “ Mace. Uppersipe, doth wings deep 
blackish-brown, Forewing with a shade of dark blue from the base to the middle, which only appears ina 
certain light. AWixdwing warrow and somewhat Jengthened, with a slight oblong éxcavation along the posterior 
margin, succeeded by an obtusely rounded tooth exterior of the caudal appendage 3 covered with a rich cyaneous 
tint excepting the exterior and interior borders; the latter is gray, and constitutes a canal to receive the 
abdomen. UNDERSIDE, doth wings white with a bluish shade ; a short brown streak, transversely truncated at 
‘each end, stands a little before the disc. ferewing with a yellowish-brown, somewhat cupreous posterior margin, 
spreading along the tip ; a transverse [discal] striga of six or seven oblong subconfluent dots, which is interrupt- 
ed on the disc, the continuation from the medial area being somewhat posteriorly disposed. Hindwing with a 
similar series at a corresponding distance from the base, consisting of oval dots disposed in interrupted and 
somewhat unequal pairs, passing in an irregular curve across the wing, the terminal streak at the inner margin 
being transversely disposed, oblong and farger than the others ; along the posterior margin passes a series of 
dots, decreasing successively in size and strength of tint from the outer apical angle towards the caudal appen- 
dage, being confined internally by an undulated brown band ; of two ocellate spots in the anal region, the ex- 
terior one is bedded in an irregular rufous patch, which has an undulated interior margin, and tapers off at each 
extremity in a short striga ; the interior one, situated on the anal appendage itself, is surrounded by a white 
cilia, the intermediate space being occupied by a greenish metallic spot, and the oblong portion of the anal angle 
is marked by a black stripe covered by a branch from the rufous band. Body dark blackish-brown, eyes bor- 
dered by a white streak, axtenne black annulated with white and terminated by a grayish tip.” (Hors/éédd, 1. c.) 
Described from a single specimen, 
Sinthusa grotet. Hypolycena grotet, Moore, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 527, pl. xlix, fig. ce 
male; Sinthusa grotet, Moore, Journ. A. S, Bi, vol. liii, pt. z, p. 34 (1884). Hapirar: N.-E. Bengal, 
