1896. ENGLISH AMBER AND AMBER GENERALLY. 165 



After these remarks, the question to be discussed is to which 

 genus the succiniferous trees belong. No doubt they are conifers, 

 and I consider that all details of anatomy agree entirely with the 

 genus Pinus, L., though it is undecided if they belong to the genus 

 Pinus in the restricted sense, or to Picea, Lk. Since the succinite con- 

 tains, moreover, the flowers and leaves of different pines (Fig. 2, b), 

 as well as of a fir, probably it is not derived from one, but from several 

 species of both genera, just as the recent resin in trade is obtained 

 from various species of Pinus. Three pines with two needles {Pinus 

 silvatica, P. baltica, P. banksianoides), one kind with five needles 

 (P. cembrifolia), and one fir with plain needles {Picea Engleri), similar to 

 the P. ajanensis of East Asia, have been described as occurring in 

 succinite. Concerning the name of the succiniferous trees, it must be 

 remembered that we are often obliged in palaeobotany to label single 

 organs of a plant with special names, although some of these may 

 belong together. Therefore it is necessary to give a peculiar name 

 also to the pine-wood enclosed in succinite, because it is unknown to 



Fig. 2. — Plants included in Amber. 



A, Flower of Cinnamomum frototypum (after Conwentz " Angiospermen des Bern- 

 steins"); B.Male flower of Pinus Reichiana (after Conwentz " Bernsteinbaume "). 



which of the above-mentioned leaves it belongs. Formerly it was 

 called Pinites succinifev by Goeppert ; however, I have proved in my 

 monograph that there is no difference between that fossil wood and 

 the wood of the recent genus Pinus, taken in zi, wider sense, wherefore 

 the proper name should be Pinus succinifera. 



Those amber forests, of course, did not consist of pines and firs 

 exclusively, but also of Thuja, Biota, Taxodium, and other conifers. 

 Moreover, there existed a considerable number of other trees, shrubs, 

 and herbaceous plants, which I partly described and figured ten 

 years ago (" Angiospermen des Bernsteins," mit 13 Tafeln, Danzig, 

 1886). First of all, there are some Monocotyledons, chiefly palms, for 

 instance, an incomplete male flower of a date-tree {Phccnix Eichleri), 

 some impressions of Sahal-\\ke leaves, and so on. Added to these 



