258 NATURAL SCIENCE. October. 



however, were made in the jungle. Broderip (105), Deniker (121), 

 Eismann (124), Pick (127), Friedel (129), Hartmann (43), Hermes 

 (139^), Laborde (152), Martin (159), Nissle (lyoa), and Sayers (192) 

 made their observation upon animals in confinement. 



Pathology. — Nothing is known of the diseases to which the 

 chimpanzee is subject in its native surroundings ; in Europe it com- 

 monly falls a prey to diseases of the respiratory system. See Owen 

 (172, 173), Schmidt (195), Rollet (186), and Meyer (58). 



Distribution. — The chimpanzee occurs over a much wider area 

 than any of the other anthropoids. Noack (171) and Reichart (183) 

 report specimens occurring in the country along the western shores 

 of Lake Tanganika ; Schweinfurth (197) and Emin Pasha (125) 

 found it in Niam Niam, and it has been seen in the region lying 

 between Niam Niam and Tanganika. In fact, its distribution may 

 roughly be said to be the areas drained by the Congo and Niger, and 

 it also occurs along the banks of the smaller rivers on the west coast 

 as far north as lat. 16°, and as far south as lat. 14°. See Du Chaillu 

 . (21), Pranquet (30), Giglioli (31). Hartmann (137, 139), and Issel (144). 



Classification. — Mr, Sclater (Natural Science, vol. ix., p. 143, 

 August), has very courteously given his reasons for assigning the 

 generic name of Anthropopithecus to the gorilla and chimpanzee. I 

 was aware that Gmelin had given the name and that Pischer had 

 adopted it ; also that Plower and Lydekker had accepted it because 

 Troglodytes had already been applied "to another genus. Bat there is 

 one very strong reason, it seems to me, why the generic term Troglo- 

 dytes should be retained ; it had come to be recognised all the world 

 over as the scientific name of this genus, at any rate, of the chim- 

 panzee. Universality of usage is such a difficult matter to obtain and 

 so absolutely necessary, that it seems to me almost a scientific sin to 

 disturb it once the fixation process has fairly set in. Italian, German, 

 American, Prench and English anatomists, excepting always those 

 that received their material from the Gardens of the Zoological 

 Society of London, have for the last fifty years used the name Troglo- 

 dytes niger for the ordinary chimpanzee. What I fear most is a state 

 of matters arising in the nomenclature of the anthropoids, such as 

 has already arisen among the names of the macaques, where one 

 cannot with any certainty recognise, from the name, the material with 

 which the author has been dealing. But in ordinary morphological 

 work there is not much danger of any difficulty arising in connection 

 with the nomenclature of a limited group like the anthropoids, because 

 one can always fall back upon the terms gorilla, chimpanzee, orang, 

 and gibbon, names of definite signification for civilised nations. 



A great deal of work has been done to show the position of the 

 chimpanzee in relation to the other anthropoids and also its position 

 in descent as regards man. GeoflFroy St. Hilaire held the opinion 

 very strongly that the gorilla and chimpanzee should not be included 

 in one genus, but ought to be separated into two well-marked genera, 



