OBITUARIES. 
CARL CLAUS. 
Born at KassEt IN HESSEN, JANUARY 2, 1835; Diep, January 18, 1899. 
Pror. KARL GRopseEN briefly reviews! the life and work of the late Prof. Claus 
of Vienna, and gives a full list of his memoirs. The majority dealt with the 
Coelentera and the Crustacea, and a few with the more general problems of 
Biology. Of his writings that which was most widely read was the work which 
underwent many changes of form and title since its first (1868) publication as 
“Grundziige der Zoologie,” and its final (1883-1897) issue as ‘Lehrbuch der 
Zoologie.” The Lehrbuch was, as Prof. Grobben informs us, Claus’s “ Lieblings- 
werk,” and enjoyed an extraordinary and widespread popularity. As a teacher 
Claus emphasized the importance of adequate practical work, and as director of 
the Zoological Station at Trieste was enabled to supply his students with living 
material. The result was seen not only in the founding of the journal in which 
the present memoir appears, but also in the numerous students trained under 
him who now occupy professorial chairs in Austria and Germany. The personal 
character of Prof. Claus is summed up in the two phrases :—he was a “ hervor- 
ragender Forscher ” and a “lebhafter Kaimpfer.” 
The following deaths are announced :—On June 24, at the age of 55, CHARLES 
WILLIAM BAILLIE, marine superintendent of the Meteorological Office, well 
known for his invention of a sounding machine ; at Boston, from typhoid fever, 
W. W. Norman, professor of biology in the University of Texas; Dr. Caru 
SCHONLEIN, assistant in the zoological station at Naples, aged 40; Dr. THomas 
O. Summers, professor of anatomy at the St. Louis College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, on June 19; Mr. Lawson Tarr, the eminent surgeon, on June 13, in 
his 55th year, one of the earlier investigators of digestion in insectivorous 
plants ; GraNpaoLo Vuacovicn, professor of anatomy at Padua, Italy ; Prof. E. 
G. BaLsiant, professor of comparative embryology in the Collége de France, 
well known for his work on the development of insects, the conjugation of Pro- 
tozoa, the role of the nucleus, and in many other departments ; on August 16, 
Prof. R. W. Bunsen, F.R.S., the illustrious Heidelberg chemist, in his 88th 
year; on August 1, Jonn CorDEAUX, of Great Cotes-house, Lincolnshire (born 
1831), a keen ornithologist, who helped not a little to organise a systematic 
study of bird-migration ; on August 9, Sir Epwarpd FRANKLAND, the famous 
chemist (born 1825); on July 18, at Springfield, Ohio, Prof. H. R. GerrcEr, 
formerly of Wittenberg College, and lately connected with the U.S. Geological 
Survey; on July 16, W. P. Jonnson, LL.D., President of Tulane University, 
New Orleans, and a regent of the Smithsonian Institution; Mrs. ELizaBETH 
THompson, of Stamford, Conn., a liberal patron of science, founder of the 
Elizabeth Thompson Fund for the promotion of scientific research. 
1 Arbeit. zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, xi. 1899, pp. i.-xii. 
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