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1899] MODERN CHEMISTRY 365 
done in the present work and his other publications. New light is thrown by 
these views upon the operations of analytical, of organic, of technical, and in 
fact of all branches of chemistry; but the physicist and the physiologist will 
also find many obscure places rendered clearer when they become familiar with 
chemistry in its more recent physical development. 
While the Grundriss is not a beginner’s book, it is, relatively speaking, an 
elementary work, and it will serve to prepare the reader for the study of the 
same author’s Lehrbuch, in which the subject is much more fully elaborated. 
In the present edition the book has been virtually re-written and is in many 
respects improved. Its appearance will be warmly welcomed by all who desire 
to see, and to assist in, the spread of the new chemical theories ; and we are 
glad to think that the number of these persons is now rapidly increasing. 
hb: 
GRADUS AD SCIENTIAM. 
Progressive Lessons in Science. By A. Apport, M.A., and ARTHUR Key, 
M.A. Pp. xi. + 320, with figures. London: Blackie and Son, Limited, 
1899. Price 3s. 6d. 
The first part of this book is an easy guide to a knowledge of the chemistry 
of air and water, and of such other portions of elementary chemistry as are 
considered requisite for an intelligent study of the second part. It is illustrated 
by means of simple experiments which, while not presenting any specially novel 
features, are, on the whole, well chosen ; although they do not, in all cases, carry 
conviction regarding the conclusions intended to be drawn from them. The 
chapter on acids, bases, and salts can scarcely be regarded as satisfactory. The 
second part deals with the recognition, by chemical means, of the elements 
concerned in the building up of animal and plant tissues and with tracing these 
elements, generally, from the animal to the plant and from the plant to the soil. 
It may well be doubted whether this part does not demand too special a know- 
ledge of certain very limited facts and methods of analytical chemistry to be of 
great use to pupils from a broad educational standpoint. The get-up of the 
book is good, and very few misprints have been met with. . DD: 
VEGETARIANISM. 
The Logic of Vegetarianism: Essays and Dialogues. By Henry S. SALT. 
8vo, pp. 119. London: The Ideal Publishing Union, Limited, 1899. 
Price 1s. 
In justification of the form of these essays, the reader has to bear steadily 
in mind that they were in the first instance published in The Vegetarian, and 
thus addressed to those already in sympathy with the writer’s convictions. It 
would otherwise have been a serious tactical error to have personified his 
dialectic opponents under the titles he has selected. ‘‘ Verbalist ” and ‘‘ Superior 
Person” may describe accurately enough one’s idea of the mental condition of 
his adversaries, but they are not initiatory compliments such as smooth the 
course of an argument, and even “ Patriot,” when spoken with particular 
emphasis, may convey an irritating insult and cause much unhallowed rancour. 
What is perhaps more unfortunate from the critic’s standpoint is that the mere 
use of these terms is in itself an argument which embodies a material fallacy 
described in text-books of logic under the heading of petitio principi. If, 
however, we pass these matters with a smile, much of the author’s argument, 
especially on the ethical importance of food reform, will be found worthy of 
more than a passing thought. The weakness of the logical position of 
vegetarianism is, as Mr. Salt is fully aware, that its argument has to convince 
not reason but habit. B. 
