EDIBLE FISHES OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 109 



strengthened nerves, and accordingly we find Gtinther ('Study o£ Eishes, p. 

 lOS) observing : " The additional function which the (five) anterior spinal 

 nerves of Trigla have to perform, in supplying the sensitive pectoral 

 appendages and their muscles, has caused the development of a paired series 

 of globular swellings of the corresponding portion of the spinal chord. A 

 similar structure is found in Fohjnemusr 



TEIGLA KUMU. 



Trigla Jcumu, Less. & Gram. Yoy. Coquille, Poiss. pi. xix., 1826 ; Cuv. & Val. 



Hist. Nat. Poiss. iv. p. 50 ; Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fish. p. 27 ; Schleg. 



Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 37, pi. xiv. A. f. 3; Owen, Osteol. Catal. i. p. 55; 



Bleek. Verhand. Batav. Grenootsch. xxvi. Japan, p. 74 ; Grnth. Catal. 



Fish. ii. p. 204 : Kner, Voy. Novara, Fisch. p. 124, pi. vi. f. 2 (^air 



Madder), and SB. Ak. Wien, Iviii. p. 318; McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict. 



dec. i. pi. 5 ; Castein. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, iii. p. 380 ; 



Macleay, Catal. Austr. Fish. i. p. 225 ; Woods, Fisher. N. S. Wales, 



p. 68, pi. xxvii. ; Sherrin, Handb. Fish. N.Z. p. 36. 

 Trigla spinosa, McClell. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 396, pi. xxii. f. 2. 

 Trigla htinu, var. dorsomaculata, Steindachn. SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxiv. p. 216. 



Red Grurnard. 



Plate XXIX. 



B. vii. D. 9-10/15. A. 14-15. V. 1/5. P. 10-11 + 3. C. 12. L. lat. 75-82. 

 Coec. pyl. 6. Vert. 12/22. 

 Length of head 4-00-4-25, of caudal fin 5-15-5-66, height of body 5-66-6-50 

 in the total length : breadth of head immediately behind the preopercle 

 1'40-1'66 in its length. Eye large, situated so high up as to rise above the 

 dorsal profile, its diameter 3"85-4'00 in the length of the head, and l-80-2"00 

 in that of the snout, which is rather elongate, and flat or slightly concave 

 above: interorbital space concave, 1'50-1'75 in the diameter of the eye. 

 Nostrils remote, the anterior small and subcircular, protected by a low skinny 

 flap ; the posterior open, forming a moderately long subhorizontal slit, and 

 pierced slightly nearer to the orbit than to the tip of the preorbital. Occiput 

 slightly convex. Upper jaw tlie longer. Cleft of mouth moderate and 

 horizontal, the maxilla reaching to beneath the anterior margin of the orbit, 

 or not quite so far. Preorbital granulose and bearing anteriorly several 

 small blunt spinous points : armature of snout ornamented with numerous 

 series of small granules radiating from a common centre : supraorbital ridge 

 anteriorly with two or three strong spines, the upper of which is rather 

 the larger; posteriorly roughened or obscurely spinose: a naked patch 

 anteriorly on the snout, from whence a narrow naked band runs backwards 

 through the nostrils to beneath and behind the orbit, and thence below the 

 occipital bone to the opercular flap : cheeks with horizontal, preopercle 

 with vertical series of granules : preopercle with two spines at the angle, 

 the upper the longer ; no distinct ridge between the preorbital and the 

 angle of the preopercle : an interopercular spine : opercle with a broad, 

 naked margin, the bony portion with radiating striae composed of small 

 granules, and armed with two spines, the lower of which is much the 

 stronger and longer : occipital bone lunate behind, each horn terminating 

 posteriorly in a strong spine : clavicle with a single strong spine. Both 

 jaws with a band of villiform teeth, interrupted at the symphyses : vomerine 

 teeth in two small circular patches. The dorsal fin commences above the 



