THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE, 7 
has not labeled, nor has he nor any one else designated one as type, 
nor restricted the type material, and it results that one of the in- 
cluded species is a synonym of an older valid species or has been 
afterwards (knowingly or unknowingly) described as a new species, 
then the type is restricted to the remaining material. 
Example.—A (pha alba Latr. 1831, described without type fixation 
from two specimens, a and b, which prove to represent two species, a 
proving to be the Alpha brunnea of Linn, 1768. Thus the type of 
Alpha alba Latr. is the specimen 0b by restriction according to the 
above rule. The same would have resulted had the species a been 
described as new prior to the type designation of alba. 
i. The first intentional definite type designation in accord with 
the above rules is final. The mere reference to a specimen as type 
is not to be considered as type fixation. 
74. Where the type of a species is lost, or destroyed, the first in- 
terpretation shall obtain unless later acquired information clearly 
proves it should be otherwise, when a change is allowable. 
75. In cases where specimens have been labeled as types by others 
than the author of the species such type labels shall be interpreted 
independently by each investigator since there is much variation in 
the credibility of such labels. 
76. A species based wholly on a figure has the original of that 
figure as the type. 
77. The type of a specific name proposed to replace a preoccupied 
specific name is the same as the type of the name replaced, irre- 
spective of any attached description. 
78. The type of a new name proposed to replace a muisidentifica- 
tion is among the material in the collection of the author of the new 
name, if there is inherent evidence that he had material, and he 
gives a description or figure; otherwise, if based on the misidentifica- 
tion of a specified author the type is among the material utilized by 
such specified author if there is inherent evidence that he had ma- 
terial. If the name is given for the misidentification of several or 
no specified authors, then the type may be selected by any subse- 
quent worker from among the material of the authors concerned. 
If it results that there is no described material back of a name based 
on a misidentification or misinterpretation then such name is 
invalid. 
