THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE. 9 
the genus. However, had Jones also published a description of the 
genus admittedly furnished by Smith, then the genus would also be 
credited to Sinith. 
28. New names given with reference to figures, or previous de- 
scriptions, belong to the author publishing such names, whether 
credited to another or not. 
29. Articles without signature, or with ones insufficient for iden- 
tification, are to be credited to “anonymous,” unless there is internal 
or later evidence proving the real authorship. 
30. Where an author has two names, or has changed his or her 
name, that name shall be used which is used in the article quoted. 
31. In the division or restriction of species, genera, families, &e.. 
the typical part must retain the original name. 
32. When species, genera, families, &c., are united the oldest 
name shall be retained in use. 
33. Names used by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema 
Nature for species can never be changed, as they cannot be homo- 
hyms, synonyms (except of each other), nor misidentifications of 
previous names, since nomenclatorially there are no names before 
this work. Names appearing in synonymy in this work may be used 
for purposes of identification of species, but cannot be resurrected, 
being permanent synonyms. 
34. Names used before 1758 are not validated by reprinting after 
1758. 
35. Names may be divided into the following grades, or cate- 
gories: 
I. Specific names, and ones of lower rank. 
II. Generic, and subgeneric names. 
III. Superfamily, family, and subfamily names. 
IV. Superordinal, ordinal, and subordinal names. 
36. The use of a name in one category does not invalidate its use 
in another category, but in no case shall the same name be used twice 
in Zoology in the same category above category no. 1. 
37. In species, subspecies, varieties, or races, the same name shall 
not be used twice in the same genus, but names of lower rank, as 
hybrids, seasonal or colorational forms, hermaphrodites, gyandro- 
morphs, sports, &c., may be used twice in the same genus but not in 
the same rank immediately above. 
