6 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE. 
nomial, and the two words are to be hyphenated or the name of the 
foodplant abbreviated to the initial, the former preferred. 
Example.—Cynips quercus palustris. This may be written Cynips 
quercus-palustris, preferably, or Cynips q-palustris. The name of 
the foodplant should not be dropped entirely. 
(b.) If an author in an index to plates gives a specific name with 
plate and figure reference between it and the generic name such 
treatment shall be considered as binomial, even where the generic 
name is more than one word. 
Examples.—A madis, pl. 39, fig. e—Sphinx. (From Cramer.) 
Amalia, pl. 383, fig.b.—Phal. Bomb. (From Cramer. ) 
Note.—This is the method of Stoll, Cramer, Drury, &c., whose 
names have always been accepted. 
(c.) Where an author writes the first Latin word after a generic 
name in a different type from that of the other Latin words, or puts 
it in parenthesis, such word is the specific name, and the author is 
considered as having fulfilled the requirements of binomial nomen- 
clature. 
7. Names based on hypothetical insects, or knowingly based on a 
composite specimen are invalid. 
8. Names printed as provisional, or as suggested substitutes, are 
on the same basis as though definitely proposed. 
PUBLICATION. 
9. Matter printed and offered for sale, or existant in the libraries 
of public institutions, constitutes publication. 
10. Printing shall include only such methods of reproduction by 
which an edition is printed by use of type from one original. In the 
case of plates, a name engraved on the plate will hold. 
11. To be valid for the purpose of entomological nomenclature 
matter must be printed in one of the European languages. 
12. Names distributed in connection with specimens are not 
thereby validated. 
13. Publication of new names in newspapers, either daily or 
weekly, popular magazines, non-technical agricultural journals, 
school programs, programs of meetings, or in price lists are not valid, 
no matter how or where printed. 
