MADEIRAN GROUP. 83 



Habitat Maderam ; proecipue in intermediis sylvaticis, sed 

 quoque ad rapes umbrosas maritimas, hinc inde vulgaris. In 

 statu semifossili ad Canifal sat copiose invenitur. 



Although locally rather abundant, the P. stephanophora is 

 very much rarer than the bifrons ; and it is confined, appa- 

 rently, to Madeira proper, — where it occurs also in a subfossil 

 state at Canijal. In most of the damp ravines of an inter- 

 mediate elevation (as, for instance, in the Eibeiro de Sta. Luzia, 

 and the Ribeiro Frio) it may be taken more or less commonly, — 

 principally in the loose soil which has accumulated around the 

 roots of ferns, and on the ledges of the rocks ; but it is likewise 

 to be met with on certain of the submaritime cliffa, — such as 

 the Cabo Garajao, and others in that direction. 



The P. stephanophora is one of the most beautiful, and 

 well-defined, of the Madeiran Land-Shells ; and although its 

 affinities are manifestly with the bifrons (with which it almost 

 agrees in the size and proportions of its umbilicus, — the cavity 

 of which however is rather more suddenly, or less gradually, 

 scooped out), it differs from that species in being smaller and 

 darker, in its under-parts being less shining, in its spire being 

 less depressed, and in its volutions (the outer ones of which are 

 relatively narrower or less developed) being elegantly sculptured 

 with very Tuiuch more raised, and less oblique, curved trans- 

 verse costse. 



(§ Patulce normahs.) 



Patula calathoides. 



Helix calathoides [Paiva), Lowe, Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. 338 

 (1863) 

 „ J, Paiva, Mon. Moll. Mad. 26. t. 2. f. 4 



(1867) 



Habitat Desertam Grandem, et {semifossili s) Desertam 

 Australem ; ab insulis primus discernit cl. Baronus de Paiva. 



This most interesting Patula was obtained in a subfossil 

 condition from the Southern Deserta (or ' Bugio '), by the 

 Baron Paiva, in the spring of 1 863 ; and since that period the 

 Baron has recorded its occurrence in a living state on the 

 summit of the Deserta Grande, from whence lie received it in 

 1867 ; though I may add that I have not myself inspected it 

 except from the former of those islands, and semifossilized. 



The P. calathoides is extremely important locally, as be- 

 longing to the same geographical type as the P. Guerineana of 

 the sylvan districts of Madeira proper, and which differs from 

 that of the common European P. rotundata (otherwise closely 

 allied) in its still larger and more open umbilicus, its narrower 



G 2 



