450 TESTACEA ATLANTICA. 



Habitat TenerifFam, et Palmam ; ad trimcos laiirorum, in 

 sylvaticis editioribus, degens. 



I have already pointed out, at p. 209 of this volume, what 

 the exact characters are which distinguish the present Pupa 

 from the ' var. yS. anconostoma ' of the P. umbilicata ; and I 

 have also stated that there can be no doubt whatsoever that it is 

 identical with Mousson's P. debilis. Its mode of life too is 

 entirely similar in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos, — 

 the species being pre-eminently indigenous, and attached to the 

 damp sylvan districts of a high altitude, where it occurs for the 

 most part amongst moss and lichen on the trunks of trees, par- 

 ticularly the laurels. Under such circumstances it was met 

 with by Mr. Lowe and myself in Teneriffe and Palma ; namely 

 in the wood of Las Mercedes near Laguna, in the dense forest 

 region above Taganana, at the Agua Mansa, and near Ycod el 

 Alto, of the former, and the Barranco de Agua and the Bar- 

 ranco de Gralga, as well as on the ascent of the Cumbre above 

 Buenavista, of the latter. 



Pupa umbilicata. 



Pupa umbilicata [var.], Drap., Tabl.des Moll. 58. 5 (1801) 

 Helix anconostoma, Lowe, Canibr. Phil. S. Trans, iv. 62. 



t. 6. f. 30 (1831) 

 Pupa anconostoma, Pfeiff., Mon. Hel. ii. 314 (1848) 

 „ „ Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 208 (1854) 



„ umbilicata var., Paiva, Mon. Moll. Mad. 121 (1867) 

 „ anconostoma, Mouss., Faun. Mai. des Can. 123 (1872) 



Habitat Fuerteventuram, Teneriffam, et Hierro ; in infe- 

 rioribus (prsecipue cultis, necnon ad muros) hinc inde vulgaris. 



In my notes on the occurrence of this Pupa in the Ma- 

 deiran Grroup (vide, ante, p. 210) I stated that the particular 

 aspect which it would appear to assume throughout these 

 Atlantic archipelagos, and which corresponds with Mr. Lowe's 

 P. anconostoma, does not seem to me to embody characters of 

 sufficient importance or constancy to be treated as specifically 

 distinct from the ordinary one of more northern latitudes. 

 Indeed, after comparing it with a long array of examples from 

 different parts of Europe, the only points of divergence that 

 I can detect consist in the somewhat less development of the 

 ventral plait and of the peristome ; whilst even these are by no 

 means free from variation. Nevertheless since on the average 

 the tooth just referred to is appreciably reduced in dimensions 

 (so as to appear, for the most part, more decidedly separated 

 from the angle of the lip), and the rim of the aperture is just 

 perceptibly less widened, we may I think regard the P. an- 



