MOTIONS OF INSECTS. 287 



merated. To name no more, the Scarabceidce, Dj/tisci, 

 Silphce^ Staphj/lini, Ciciniklie, and Gyrini^ amongst co- 

 leopterous larvae ; and the Phryganeae^ as well as the 

 LibelluUdce and Epliemera;^ amongst Cuvier's NeurO' 

 ptcra, — have these joints, and in many the last termi- 

 nates in a double claw^. In some coleopterous genera 

 the tarsus seems absent or obsolete. The larva of the 

 lady-bird {Coccbiella) affords an example of the for- 

 mer kind, and that of Clirj/someJa of the latter'*. These 

 joints are very visil)le in the legs of caterpillars of Xe- 

 pidoptera, and their tarsus is armed w ith a single claw*'. 

 The larvae that have these legs walk with them some- 

 times very swiftly. In stepping they set forward at the 

 same time the anterior and posterior legs of one side, 

 and the intermediate one of the other ; and so alter- 

 nately on each side. 



Pedate larvae are of two descriptions : those that to 

 perfect legs add spurious ones with or without claws, 

 and those that have only perfect legs. I begin with 

 the former — those that have both kinds of legs. But 

 first I must make a few remarks upon spurioKS legs. 

 Because their muscles, instead of the horny substance 

 that protects them in perfect legs, are covered only by 

 a soft membrane, they have been usually denominated 

 memhrcmaceous legs : since, however, they are tempo- 

 rary, vanishing altogether when the insect arrives at 

 its perfect state, — are merely used, for they do not 

 otherwise assist in this motion, as props to hinder its 



* For examples of larvffi having these joints, see De Geer, iv. 289. 

 t. xiii. /. 20. t. XV. /. 14. ii. t. xii. /. 3. /, x\i. /. 5,t). /. .\i.Ti. /. 4. &c. 

 *• Ibid. V. t. \\. /. II. /. ix. /.9,o. 

 ■^ Lyonet, Traite Anutotn. I iii. f. S, 



