38 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XV, 



of India the dental formula is either 2/3 or 1-|-1 : ly.'l the lips 

 are poorly developed and only tubercuiate on the lateral margins, and 

 the beaks are weak. In two Oriental species that live in hill-streams, 

 viz., Bufo asper ^ and Bufo penangensis, ^ however, the lips are greatly 

 enlarged and modified to foi'm an apparatus for clinging tn rocks. 



So far as the species of the plains are concerned it is difficult to dis- 

 tinguish the larvae specifically unless extremely well-preserved material 

 is available. The tadpole of Bufo melanostictus, however, and that 

 assigned provisionally to B. fergusoni can be separated from those of B. 

 stomaticus and B. viridis by their uniform colouration. B. fergusoni 

 apparently occurs only in the southern part of the Peninsula and it 

 is doubtful whether B. viridis descends into the plains at all ; if so. it 

 only does so in the north-west. Any black Bufonid tadpole from the 

 Indo-Gangetic plain or the northern part of Peninsular India is, 

 therefore, almost certaiii to be that of B. melanostictus. 



Bufo melanostictus, Schneider. 



1896. Bufo melanostictus. Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. London. ISOti, p. 911, pi. xliv, 



fig. 3. 

 1899. Bufo melanostictus, id., ibid., p. 910. 

 1906. Bufo melanostic'.us, Annaudale, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, II, p. 289. 



Flower has published an admirable description of the tadpole. His 

 figure also is good, but is considerably larger than the normal size. 

 Individuals, however, sometimes grow very large in abnormal condi- 

 tions. 



The toad is found all over the Oriental Region. 



Specimens of l.arvae in the collection of the Indian Museum :— 



16104. Naini Tal, Western Himalayas. R. Hodgart. 



17784. Patari, Naini Tal district, Western Himalayas. Museum Coll. 



17794. Mashobra, Simla Hills, Western Himalayas. Baini Parsad. 



17750. Bhim Tal, alt. 4,450 ft., Western Himalayas. S. W. Kemp. 



17746. Tista River, 4,500 ft.. Eastern Himalayas. Dr. L. L. Termor. 



17747. Jalpaiguri (Tista River), North Bengal. Dr. N. Annandale. 



17999. Hevok, Darjeeling district. Eastern Himalayas. H. E. Lord Carmichael. 



17751. Lucknow, United Provinces. S. W- Kemp. 



17753. Siripur, Saran, Bihar. M. Mackenzie. 

 17752. Calcutta. Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri. 



17754. Tribeni, Gangetic delta. Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri. 



17755. Madras (town). Dr. N. Annandale. 



16102. Mandalay, Upper Burma. Dr. N. Annandale. 



18479. Old Valley of Kalaw River, East of Ngot, ca. 3,500 ft.. Southern Shan 



States. Dr. F. H. Gravely. 

 18178. Singgora, Siam. Dr. N. Annandale. 



Bulo fergusoni, Boulenger. 



(Plate II, figs. 4. 4o.) 



AVe assign provisionally to this species a number of tadpoles from 

 small pools on the Travancore coast, where the toad is abundant. These 

 tadpoles are very like those of Bufo melanostictus but smaller, of brown- 

 ish instead of blackish colour and with the nostrils relatively much 



1 Van Kampen, Natuurh. Tijdsch. Ned-Ind , LXIX, p. 30, pi. ii, fig. 2 (1909). 

 = Flower, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1899, p. 908, pi. Ix, fig. 3, 3a. 



