1918.] E. Brunetti : Oriental TipuUdae. 271 



venusta, Walk,, pafricia and gracillima, Brun., and two new ones, con- 

 tigua and simiUima. T. morf/i/ions, Walk., cinctipes, Meij. from Borneo 

 and Tipulodma magnicornis, End. also belong here. For this group 

 Enderlein has set up the genus Tipulodina,''- with the type species ?nagni- 

 cornis, sp. nov., from Sumatra. The venation in this group, on which 

 the new genus is partly founded, is merely that of Tipula itself. 



In Tipula the auxiUary vein turns down very distinctly into the 

 1st vein a little beyond the origin of the praefurca, with no cross vein 

 between it and the costa, though in some species a slight darkening 

 of the inner end of the stigma or a fractional thickening of both costa 

 and auxiliary at the same spot creates the impression of the presence 

 of such a cross vein. 



Out of many hundreds of good specimens of Tipulae examined 

 I have never found any such cross vein.^ The subcostal cross vein is 

 invariably absent in Tijmla. The 1st vein ends very distinctly in the 

 2nd either (1) where the latter forks, (2) immediately before the fork, or 

 (3) in the upper branch of the fork just beyond its base, and in 

 the latter case this short basal section may be mistaken for a cross 

 vein, and the rest of the upper branch mistaken for the ending of 

 the 1st vein. This view is wrong and I am compelled to consider 

 Enderlein's reading of the venation in Tipulodina wholly incorrect. 

 The costal cross vein is normally present in Tipula but often weak, 

 possibly absent. In most of the species of the group under discussion 

 the auxiliary vein lies so close to the 1st vein as to be easily over- 

 looked, and this is especially the case in the form I provisionally 

 identify as pedata, W. In my gracillima the 2nd vein is not forked 

 quite in the ordinary way, the upper branch being abortive, short, 

 whitish, thickened, lying along the outer margin of the stigma, and liable 

 to be overlooked. In this species the costal cross vein is weak, situated 

 just before the end of the stigma. In the very closely alhed simillima 

 the 2nd vein is forked in the usual way. 



As regards the relative length of the 4th palpal joint, which in Ender- 

 lein's type species is said to be only a little longer than the 3rd, a better 

 case is made out for the erection of a separate genus and its removal 

 to another subfamily, but having carefully re-examined all the specimens 

 of the six species at my disposal, I find the 4th joint in them varies from 

 If to over twice the length of the 3rd, or in other words about as long as 

 the 2nd and 3rd joints together, generally much thinner and always of the 

 so-called " whip-lash like " or peculiarly tipuhniform nature. 



Though the Tipulinae are theoretically separated from the Limno- 

 biinae by the 4th palpal joint being " as long as or longer than the other 

 three together," as a matter of fact in some species it is only as long as 

 the preceding two, or sHghtly longer, and this closes the gap so far as 

 the palpi go between this subfamily and the Limnobiinae in which it is 

 theoretically " as long as the 2nd and 3rd together or shghtly longer." 

 Normally the 4th palpal joint may be regarded as as long as the preced- 



1 Zool. Jahr. XXXII, p. 30 (1912). It may be noted that Enderlein places his genus 

 in the Amalopini {" Pediciinac ") Section of the subfamily Limnobiinae, and that Bezzi 

 would refer it to the Dolichopezini. 



- Of course, the humeral cross vein c^fcludecl. 



P 



