rgiS-] Ekendranath Ghosh : Mollusca, I. 225 



sheath to the anterior portion (about one-sixth the length) of the 

 pharynx. 



The pharynx is a stout tubular structure, a little flattened 

 from above downwards. When the proboscis is protruded, the 

 whole of the pharynx with a portion of the radular sac is drawn 

 into the cavity of the proboscis/ the hinder two-thirds of the 

 radular sac being left in the cavity of the head. 



The radular portion of the pharynx is stouter and more 

 flattened than the pharynx proper ; it is placed at an angle with 

 the phar5aix and is itseU curved so that the posterior end is bent 

 downwards. 



The radula is a narrow band which is placed on an elongated 

 cushion from the ventral wall of the sac. The anterior end of the 

 band is curved downwards and backwards round the blunt 

 anterior end of the cushion. The teeth are unicuspid and are 

 arranged in V-shaped rows. Each presents a crescentic notch 

 toward the distal end. 



The oesophagus begins from the middorsal line of the pharynx 

 a little in front of its middle (including the radular portion). It 

 runs backwards for a short distance, and then curves downwards 

 to come to the ventral aspect. It passes through the aperture in 

 the ganglionic mass and then passes along the ventral aspect of 

 the hver. and opens into its cavity at a little distance behind the 

 anterior end. 



The salivary glands form a single inseparable mass lying in 

 front of the liver. The mass is triangular in shape, and is placed 

 on the distal portion of the pedal gland. The salivary ducts, two 

 in number, arise from the ventral surface of the glandular mass, 

 the left one arising a little in front of the right. They pass through 

 the aperture in the ganglionic mass, and open into the pharynx on 

 the ventro-lateral aspect in the same vertical line with the begin- 

 ning of the oesophagus. 



The liver is a stout conical sac with thick walls. The anterior 

 end is broad and is bevelled at the ventral aspect. The posterior 

 end is tapering and ends in a blunt point. The surface is uniformly 

 lobulated, with small depressed areas bounded by raised white 

 lines. The cavity of the liver is spacious and presents an irregular 

 lining of ridges and papillae. The cavity of the organ was filled 

 with a granular mass, which on microscopic examination was seen 

 to consist of the remains (the cellulose lining) of various sorts of 

 unicellular and branching filamentous algae. 



The intestine begins from the ventral aspect of the liver on 

 its left side. It passes forwards and to the right to end in the 

 anus placed close to the ureter. 



///. Reproductive Svstem. 



The animal being of very small size, it was inipossible to 

 trace the connection between the male and female portions. 



