Hi © N.S ON Js. LE NEA Nig Cob SE © D: A’. 
PART It: 
By T. SouraweEt, A.R.C.Sc. (Lond.), F.L.S., F.Z.S., Dy. Director 
of Fisheries, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ; Honorary 
Assistant, Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
The object of the present paper is merely to record a number 
of parasites for the most part found commonly in certain Indian 
birds. ‘The characters given for the members of the family Ptycho- 
bothridae are after Liihe. ‘Those of the families Tetrabothridae, 
Davaineidae and Hymenolepidae are after Ransom. The writer 
hopes in succeeding papers to confine his attention to the ana- 
tomical details of a series of families. 
Family PTYCHOBOTHRIIDAE, Lithe, 1gto. 
Scolex unarmed, or rarely armed, and always with two sepa- 
rate, more or less perfectly-developed suckers, which may excep- 
tionally be replaced by a pseudo-scolex. Neck absent. Outer dif- 
ferentiation of segments always present, but very often imperfect, 
or partly obliterated by secondary formation of folds. Genital 
organs numerous, but single in each proglottid. Genital aper- 
tures single. Cirrus devoid of spines, but with a striated cuticle. 
Apertures of the cirrus and vagina behind that of the uterus, ar- 
ranged on the surface, or on the edge. In the first instance, the 
openings of the cirrus and vagina are on the opposite surface to 
that of the uterus, and are approximately median. No muscular 
bulbus in connection with the inner extremity of the cirrus sac. 
Usually, the receptaculum seminis is missing, but, if present, it 
has the shape of a small caecum, placed internal to, and in close 
connection with, the vagina. Ovary and shell-gland median ; 
testes in two side fields. Uterus never takes the shape of a 
rosette, but usually exists as a wide, uniform cavity. Eggs with 
a thin shell, without operculum ; embryonic development takes 
place in the uterus, and, on account of the cessation of the egg- 
production, all the eggs of the tapeworm are ultimately in the 
same stage of development. The cessation of egg-production 
however, appears, in some species, to have a relation to the 
season of the year. Mature in the intestine of fish. Development 
of larva unknown. ‘There are two sub-families. 
CHARACTERS OF THE SUB-FAMILIES. 
(1) Apertures of cirrus and vagina arranged on the sur- a 
. Ptychobothriinae 
ace ma NOE Mic 
(2) Apertures of cirrus and vagina arranged on the edges... Amphicot linae. 
