I9I9-] -^- Annandale : Bombay Streams Fauna. 139 



VI. Some Freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay 

 Presidency. 



By N. Annandale, D.Sc, C.M.Z.S., Director, Zoological Survey 



of India, and B. Prashad, D.Sc, Superintendent of Fisheries, 



Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. 



The molluscs discussed in these notes are for the most part 

 common species of wide geographical range. This makes it the 

 more necessary that their differential characters should be under- 

 stood, exact localities put on record and the precise environment 

 which each affects described. Unfortunately nothing was known 

 as to the anatomy of the commonest Indian freshwater molluscs 

 when Preston's volume in the official Fauna of British India was 

 written, and very little attention was paid by him even to 

 published records of locality. Two of the species we have to 

 consider are of particular interest on account of their habitat. 

 They are Cremnoconchus syhadrensis, a Littorinid which lives on 

 inland cliffs at the edge of waterfalls, and Ampullaria nux, which, 

 unlike other Indian species of its genus, frequents small hill- 

 streams. 



The following species were taken in the river at Medha : — 

 Melania tuherculata , M. scabra, Parreyssia cylindrica, P. corrugata 

 and Lamellidens marginalis. Ampullaria nux and Cremnoconchus 

 syhadrensis were found on the hill-side at Khandalla. 



We also discuss specimens from ponds at Khandalla, and from 

 reservoirs in the Satara fort, at Karla in the Poona district and 

 at Igatpuri in the Nasik district. 



We may note here, though the fact is perhaps of archaeo- 

 logical rather than malacological interest, that single valves of Area 

 granosa are occasionally found in the Yenna. They are invariably 

 pierced in the umbonal region and probably served as ornaments 

 for some jungle tribe which has now disappeared or become 

 civilized and ceased to affect such primitive decorations. 



Family IvImnaeidae. 



Genus Limnaea, I^amarck. 



Preston, in his volume in the official Fauna of British India, 

 gives descriptions of twenty-eight Indian species and varieties of 

 this genus, but (although he describes L. bowelli,a Tibetan mollusc 

 not found within the limits of the Indian Empire), he makes no 

 reference to the peculiar forms of L. lagotis * long known to occur 

 in Kashmir, the Karrgra Valley and Baluchistan, or to L. andcr- 

 soniana,^ which Nevill reported from the Shan States of Burma as 

 well as from Western China. One of us has recently added two 



' See Nevill's Hand List, pt. I, pp. 234, 237, 239 (1889) ; also Hanley and 

 Theobald's Coi?c/i. Jud., pi. Iviii, fig. 7 (1876). 



■3 Nevill, Jourii. As. Soc. Bengal, {U) XIA'I, p. 2h 1 1877 I, and !., p. 142, pi. v, 

 fig. 9. 



