XXVI. A NOTE ON THE MARINE INVERTE- 

 BRATE FAUNA OF CHANDIPORE, ORISSA. 



By F. H. Gravely, D.Sc, Assistant Superintendent, 

 Zoological Survey of India. 



With 



NOTES ON ECHIUROIDS. 



By B. Prashad, D.Sc, Officiating Director of Fisheries, Bengal, 

 Bihar and Orissa. 



The following notes are based on visits to Chandipore in or 

 about May of the years 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1919. I have to 

 thank Dr. N. Annandale and Mr. S. W. Kemp for many of the 

 identifications. 



Chandipore is situated on the Orissa coast, about ten miles 

 from Balasore. A stretch of jungle interspersed with muddy 

 pools and creeks of brackish water, where Calling Crabs {Gela- 

 simus) of various colours abound, is separated from the shore 

 by a narrow belt of sand-dunes. The shore slopes very gradually, 

 and a mile or more of wet sand or mud is uncovered at low tide. 

 The Burhabalang River empties itself into the sea two or three miles 

 to the north east, and a smaller stream at a somewhat greater dis- 

 tance to the south-west. The nature of the shore between tide- 

 marks varies considerably in different places and there are patches 

 of sparse low grass or sedge towards the latter estuary, where the 

 ground is particularly muddy. The fauna includes estuarine 

 species, such as Bimeria fluminalis and Meretrix meretrix as well as 

 species which are essentially marine; but the greater part pro- 

 bably belongs to the latter category. 



At the mouth of the Burhabalang River the open sea has 

 evidently encroached on an old mangrove swamp, and the tide 

 comes up over banks of stiff clay, where. roots and stumps of 

 bushes are still to be seen, and Calling Crabs and other species 

 characteristic of the jungle swamps behind the sandhills are still 

 abundant. This clay was examined in 1917 and 19 19 only. Where 

 the mangrove roots had been washed away and the fauna was 

 more of a marine type the following invertebrates were found : — 



COKI^ENTERATA. 



Burrowing Actinians. A few small specimens. 



