I9I5.] N. ANNANDALE: Indian Boring Sponges. 5 
in the identification must have occurred. The Cliona ? sceptrellifera, 
of Carter!, if he rightly associated the isolated spicules on which it 
was based, is probably a Thoosa or an Alectona, but I have been 
unable to find these spicules in that part of his original material at 
my disposal. 
The names of species on which notes are given are distin- 
guished by an asterisk in the key. I have not seen the following 
forms :— 
C. sndica, Topsent, Arch. Zool. expérim. (2) IX, p. 574 (1891). 
C. michelini, 1d, tbid., vol. V?, p. 79 (1887). 
C. mussae (Keller), Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. III, p. 321 (1891). 
C. warrent® Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) VII, p. 370 (1881). 
C. millepunctata Hancock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) III, p. 
341 (1849) ; Topsent, op. czt., 1887, p. 78. 
Cliona has a wide bathymetric range. In the Bay of Bengal 
one species has been found at a depth of over 700 fathoms? (C. 
annuiifera, p. 9) and another (C. vastifica, p. 8) in lagoons of 
brackish water actually above sea-level. The genus is, however, 
best represented in comparatively shallow water below low tide. 
On beds of gregarious sedentary molluscs such as Ostrea or Marga- 
vitifera a single species usually predominates and becomes very 
abundant, but in the less vigorous parts of coral-reefs several are 
sometimes found together in a flourishing condition. More than 
one may also occur in a single shell, either Gastropod or Lamelli- 
branch, that is of suitable size, thickness, etc., but does not 
belong to a markedly gregarious species. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Cliona KNOWN FROM THE 
INDIAN OCEAN. 
I. Species with microscleres. 
A. Macroscleres both diactinial and tylostyle. 
1. Diactinial spicules smooth, hair- 
like, fasciculated .. C. celata (A).* 
2. Diactinial spicules granular, spin- 
dle-shaped, moderately stout, not 
fasciculated. 
a. Microscleres sinuate, truncate. C. vasttfica.* 
b. Microscleres straight, spindle- 
shaped ate .. C. carpentert.* 
3. Diactinial spicules cylindrical, i 
irregularly spiny .. C. margaritiferae.* 
1 Fauna of Mergui I (Fourn. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) XXI1: 1887), p. 70. 
‘‘ Spongiaires des Acores,’’ Rés. Camp. Sci. Monaco, XXV, p. 108 (1904). | 
2 Topsent (Arch. Zool. expérim. (3) VIII, p. 54) regards this species as 
identical with C. guadvata, Hancock. ' , 
’ C. abyssorum, Carter was taken at the mouth of the English Channel in 
500 fathoms (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) X1V, p. 249, 1874). ‘This is apparently 
the only other species as yet recorded from depths of like magnitude. 
