I9I5.| N. ANNANDALE: Indtan Boring Sponges. 7 
2. Diactinial spicules moderately 
stout, (smooth), spindle-shaped. C. mussae. 
B. All the spicules tylostyles. 
I. Sponge forming a gigantic free 
cup; spicules relatively stout .. C. patera.* 
2. Sponge confined to its excava- 
tions or forming a small rounded 
mass; spicules relatively slender. 
a. Head of spicules spherical .. C. warrent. 
b. Head of spicule elliptical .. C. millepunctata. 
c. Headof spicule usually trilobed. C. celata (C).* 
Cliona celata, Grant. 
TQ00. Topsent) Arch. Zool. expérim. (3) VIII, p. 32, pl. 1; 
figse 5s 0-0. ph il one sk. 
1909. Hentschel, ‘‘ Tetraxonida’’ in Michaelsen and Hart- 
meyer’s Faun. Siidwest. Australiens, p. 386. 
I9gIt. Row, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) XXXI, p. 305. 
Topsent, in the paper cited after his name (1900), has discussed 
the structure and synonomy of this species in detail. As he had 
shown in previous papers, the spiculation undergoes. great 
changes in the lite of the individual sponge. At first three kinds 
of spicules are present—tylostyles, diactinial macroscleres and 
microscleres of the zigzag spiraster type. The last disappear 
first, and then, in some cases, the diactinial microscleres, which, 
even in the young sponge, are much reduced and have the form 
of hair-like bodies adhering in bundles. There are three specimens 
from the Bay of Bengal in the collection of the Indian Museum 
which illustrate three different phases of growth in an interesting 
manner. One of them is clearly young and retains the full spicu- 
lation. It consists of a few galleries, with about half a dozen 
apertures, in a nodule of calcareous alga dredged by the ‘‘ Investi- 
gator’ in 28 fathoms off the coast of Burma. 
The other two specimens are both in chank-shells (Pyrula 
vappa, l,.) from the east coast of India. One was taken at the 
town of Madras in shallow water by Prof. K. Rammuni Menon, 
who has kindly given it to me. ‘The shell was apparently vacant 
when collected but still retained its horny epidermis. The whole 
of its subtance is permeated by the sponge, in which only tylostyle 
spicules remain. The external apertures are, however, small 
(about I mm. in diameter) and the sponge is wholly confined in the 
thickness of the shell. 
The third specimen was dredged by Mr. J. Hornell of the 
Madras Fisheries, whom I have to thank for it, in the Gulf of 
Manaar near Tuticorin in 6} fathoms. ‘The shell in this case had 
evidently been ‘‘ dead”’ for some time and its epidermis had wholly 
disappeared. ‘The apertures made by the sponge are much larger 
(2 to 3'25 mm. in diameter) and it has begun to grow out over the 
