12 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor: 3a, 
Gemmules.—Gemmules are abundant in the only specimen ex- 
amined, most of the chambers containing from one to three (pl. i, 
fig. 1). They lie at the periphery of the lower part of the chamber 
and are as a rule somewhat lenticular in shape. The external sur- 
face is frequently flattened by pressure against the wall of the exca- 
vation. The greatest diameter rarely exceeds 0°56 mm. ‘The inter- 
nal structure is that of a typical sponge-gemmule, that is to say, 
each gemmule consists of a mass of cells closely packed together 
and filled with granules of food-substance. There is a thin horny 
external coat. The most remarkable feature, however, lies 
in the spicular coat that occurs on the surface of the gemmule in 
contact with the sponge, for the spicules of which it consists differ 
Considerable from those of the general choanesome. ‘The spicules 
have already been described. They lie embedded horizontally 
in the horny coat on one side of the gemmule only, being com- 
pletely absent on the side that is in contact with the wall of the 
excavation. 
Locality.—Off the coast of Ceylon: 703 fathoms (R.IJ.M.S. 
** Investigator’’). 
Type. No. Z.E.V. 6424/7, Ind. Mus.: in spirit. 
C. annulifera. is related to C. viridis (Schmidt), from which it 
differs in the form of its megascleres. It is remarkable for the 
regularity and distinctness of its chambers and especially for the 
peculiar spiculation of its gemmules, a feature in which it apparen- 
tly differs from all other known marine spongess That a deep-sea 
sponge should possess gemmules at all is a remarkable fact, and 
one to the signification of which I hope to devote attention in a 
later paper. 
Cliona mucronata, Sollas. 
1878. Sollas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 54, pl. i, figs. 1, 
Z~7,.0, 10, 153.57, pl. ii, figs. 1=0- 
1887. Topsent, Arch. Zool, expérim. (2) V, p. 37. 
1897. Id., Rév. Suisse Zool. IV, p. 440. 
The peculiar short, stout, mucronate tylostyles that form a 
considerable element in the spiculation of this species are quite 
characteristic. In the only specimen I have examined, they seem 
to be grouped together at certain points in the interior of the 
sponge, but this specimen is very imperfect, having been over- 
whelmed in its excavations by other sponges. Many of the 
tylostyles are of the normal type, but very slender. 
C. mucronata was originally described from a coral (Iss, sp.) 
of unknown provénance. ‘Topsent found it common in corals from 
the Bay of Amboina, and the only specimen in our collection is in 
a fragment of dead Madreporarian from the Indian shore of the 
Gulf of Manaar (Kilakarai: S. W. Kemp). 
Cliona ensifera, Sollas. 
1878. Sollas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)1, 61, pl. i, figs. 1, 
18; pl. ii, figs. ro-5. 
