14 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. XI, 
C. orientalis is closely allied to C. viridis, from which it may 
be distinguished by the arrangement of the spines on the micros- 
cleres. These, instead of running in a spiral round the spicule, 
are confined to its outline on one side. Carter’s figures, although 
they illustrate this point clearly, are poor and misleading in 
other respects. ‘The free form of the sponge closely resembles that 
of C. viridis. 
C. orientalis has been found only in the Mergui Archipelago 
(in dead coral) and off Ternate in the Malay Archipelago. 
Cliona acustella, sp. nov. 
This is a species belonging to Topsent’s fourth group, having 
microscleres and amphioxous macroscleres only. The latter, al- 
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Fic. 2.—Spicules of cliona acustella. 
though many of them can be referred to the spiraster type, exhibit 
a marked tendency to assume a simple amphiaster-like form. 
General structure.—Only dried specimens are available for 
examination, and of these I have been able to extract only minute 
fragments lacking the external papillae. Chambers excavated 
apparently by this sponge are, however, abundant in oyster-shells 
from several adjacent localities. ‘The apertures on the surface of 
the shell are small and sparsely scattered; their diameter does not 
exceed 0'4 m. ‘These apertures are connected with the chambers 
by very short vertical tubules. The chambers are subcircular or 
polygonal, not more than 3 mm. in diameter and separated only 
by very narrow partitions of shell. They are arranged in several 
horizontal layers. The tubules connecting them horizontally and 
vertically are very slender as well as short. 
Spicules.—The macroscletes are smooth, slender, sharply- 
pointed, somewhat spindle-shaped amphioxi on an average 0°1447 
