IgI5.] F. H. GRAVELY: Beetles from Cochin. 365 
on the ventral surface of the body of the segment, between the 
anal papilla and the margin. The anal papilla is semicircular, and 
bears one pair of blunt conical spinules in the angles, and four 
smaller spinules arranged in a square medially. Of these four 
the two anterior are distinctly smaller than the two posterior. 
Pupa. 
The pupa is white in colour. Its form is shown on pl. xxi, 
figs. 22-23. Each of the marginal denticulations of the protho- 
rax is continued into a papilla which is empty and transparent in 
the preserved specimen and so does not show in the photograph, 
and these papillae are tipped with long erect hairs. Similar hairs 
are present one on either side of the labrum, three on either side 
of the clypeus, two immediately in front of each eye, two between 
and behind the eyes, one in the middle of the anterior margin of 
the pronotum, two on either side mounted on papillae a little 
behind the anterior margin of the pronotum, one on either side a 
little in front of the posterior margin of the pronotum, two on 
either side of the meso- and metanotum,! one on either side of the 
third and two on either side of the fourth to eighth abdominal 
sterna. 
The first six abdominal sterna are quadrangular, the seventh 
and eighth more nearly triangular. There is a pair of short diver- 
gent styles in the position of the anal papilla of the larva. The 
terminal segment is very like that of the larva; the anterior pair 
of marginal spines and the semicircle of hairs behind the anal 
papilla have, however, disappeared ; and the two hairs on each of 
the terminal spines are now mounted on strong spinules. 
The most important works on Tenebrionid larvae appear 
to be ? :— ; 
1839. Westwood, J. O. ‘‘Introduction to the Classification ot 
Insects ’’ I (London, 1839), pp. 316-324, text-figs. 
1853. Chapuis and Candéze. ‘‘ Catalogue des Larves des 
Coléoptéres.’’ Mem. Soc. R. Sct. Liége, VIII, pp. 513- 
517, pl. vi, figs. 5-6a. 
1877. Perris, E. ‘‘ Larves de Coléoptéres’’ (Paris, 1877), pp. 
252-294, pl. viii, fig. 277, pl. ix, fig. 310. 
1877. Schiodte, J. C. ‘‘De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum 
Observationes ”’ Naturhist. Tidsskr. XI, pp. 479-598, 
pls. v-xii. 
All known larvae of the subfamily Tenebrioninae, in which 
Gebien places the genus Catapiestus (Junk’s ‘‘ Coleopterorum 
Catalogus”, Tenebrionidaem-Trictenotomidae), appear to be 
described or referred to in these works, except that of Menephilus 
1 Three on the left side of the mesonotum in our only specimen. 
2 A useful list of Tenebrionid larvae, with a key to generic characters, is 
given by Kiesenwetter and Seidlitz, Naturg. Ins. Deutschl.—Coleoptera V (1) 
Tenebrionidae (Berlin, 1898), pp. 207-217. 
