I915.] F.H. Gravety: Lucanidae of the Indian Museum. 413 
1913, p. 219) that a male of L. villosus in the British Museum, 
possibly the type, closely resembles L. lumifer in structure ; 
the measurements given in Gray’s brief diagnosis! are too large 
for any specimens of L. smithi known to me; the mandibles of 
L. villosus are described by Gray as unidentate, whereas those of 
L. smithi are at least tridentate except in very small specimens ; 
Parry was acquainted with L. villosus when he described L. smuthv. 
L. smithi is represented in our collection from the following 
localities :— 
E. Himalayas: Darjeeling District—Darjeeling, 7000 ft., 
(a7 2); Mungphu (o); Kurseong, 5000 it. 
(@ @); Siliguri, in the Terai, a few miles 
south of the base of the hills (o @ ). 
The thickening of, and multiplication of teeth on, the mandi- 
bles of the male a little beyond the middle is reflected in the great 
breadth of the mandibles of the female (text-fig. IE) at about this 
point, beyond which the inner margin is straight or slightly wavy 
and blade-like instead of strongly excavate asin L. mearst and L. 
westermanni. ‘The surface is covered with pile as in L. mears?, and 
the form of the clypeus also resembles that of this species. The 
anterior tibiae of L. smithi resemble those of L. westermanm rather 
than those of L. mearsi. 
Lucanus westermanni, Hope. 
F (Text-figure 1G.) 
E. Himalayas: Darjeeling District—-Darjeeling, 7000 {ft.* 
(a7 9); Kurseong, 5000 ft.(o 2 ). 
This species is less densely pilose in both sexes than are fresh 
specimens of either of the two preceding species. In very small 
males the mandibies are not forked distally, and the submedian 
tooth is minute. Small males of the two preceding species show a 
tendency in the same direction, and it is not impossible that in 
extreme cases the mandibles of L. smithi at least may be indistin- 
guishable from those of the present species—in such cases the length 
of the pile on the reflexed margins of the elytra would afford a use- 
ful guide to identification. _ Fully hardened specimens of both sexes 
are jet black in colour, others are reddish. None are in any 
degree olivaceous. 
The mandibles of the female resemble those of L. mearsv. 
The frons is more convex in the middle line in front than in that 
species. The clypeus differs from that of L. mearst and L. smitht 
in being less abruptly truncate, often broadly rounded, in front. 
The two distal teeth of the anterior tibiae (text-fig. 1G) are united 
at the base; their length is about equal to the greatest breadth of 
the tibia exclusive of its teeth. 
A female from Dehra Dun, in the Forest Research Institute 
collection, resembles L. westermanni in general appearance ; but its 
clypeus is like that of L. mearst , and its anterior tibiae are inter- 
mediate between those of these two species. 
