Peel ean VIS mOMN, “One vol Eby VOR Te RIN TA: 1, 
SUBPAMILIES OF -IARANTULIDAE 
(OR DER PhD DP AIP i). 
By F. H. GraveEty, M.Sc., Asst. Superintendent, Indian 
Museum. 
(Plate XXXI.) 
The species of Tarantulidae are rendered exceptionally diffi- 
cult to separate and define by the insignificance of many of their 
most distinctive characters, and by the conspicuousness of others 
whose striking modifications indicate the age of a specimen rather 
than the species to which it belongs. It is only by the study of 
long series of specimens that the latter characters can be eliminated 
and the former recognized with certainty. Kraepelin’s ‘‘ Revision 
der Tarantuliden’” (Abh. Ver. Hamburg, xiii [3] 1895, 53 pp., I pl.) 
has straightened out the synonymy of the family, and has gone a 
long way towards putting the classification into shape. But when 
this, and the volume of ‘‘ Das Tierreich”’ by which it was followed, 
were written, the material available for study appears to have been 
somewhat scanty. A number of described species which are 
undoubtedly distinct had therefore provisionally to be united ; 
and a number of species still remain unnamed. 
I have now for several years been making special efforts to 
obtain adequate series of specimens from different parts of the 
Indian Empire, and whenever possible from beyond. In the pre- 
sent paper I propose to consider the Oriental species in the light 
of material recently obtained; and it seems best to complete the 
paper by references to all known members of the two subfamilies 
dealt with, although those found outside the Oriental Region are 
not well represented in the material before me. 
I am indebted for help in getting material to Dr. Henderson, 
Mr. E. E. Green, Mr. Kinnear, Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher and 
especially to Mr. B. H. Buxton who has presented to the Indian 
Museum a number of new species which he recently collected in 
the Malay Peninsula. 
With the exception of Stygophrynus moultom, of which the 
type is in the British Museum, the types of all new species des- 
cribed below are in the Indian Museum. 
SUBFAMILIES AND GENERAL STRUCTURE. 
The Oriental Tarantulidae fall into two very distinct subfamilies, 
which may be recognized thus :— 
