I9I5.] N. ANNANDALE: Parasitic Sponges. 471 
three species. Cliona viridis is particularly abundant in the 
masses of dead coral from which he extracted the spicules on 
which he based his description, or rather indication, and it is 
frequently covered by a thin film, of one or other of the Chon- 
drillae. The only other species of Cliona' present is C. enstfera, 
which Carter distinguished from ‘“‘ stellifera.”’ 
The specimens of Ch. nucula I have examined from this 
materia! consist of extremely thin films much less than r mm. 
thick and spread out over the surface of Cliona viridis, C. ensifera 
and Stoeba simplex in their excavations in dead coral. The 
spicules correspond well with the figures cited above and agree in 
dimensions (diameter o-or to 02 mm.) with those of a specimen 
from the Red Sea examined by Keller. They are densely crowded 
in the ectosome and frequently touch one another in that part of 
the sponge. The colour, after some 28 years in spirit, is pale 
brown. The film is usuaily uniform, but sometimes reticulate. 
The fragments extracted have been very imperfect. 
Ch. nucula is cosmopolitan in distribution. It has been 
recorded from the Mediterranean, the Azores, the Red Sea and the 
Gulf of Manaar. The specimens referred to above are from King 
I. in the Mergui Archipelago, which lies off the coast of Tenas- 
serim, the southern extension of Burma. 
Chondrilla mixta, Schulze. 
1877. - Schulze, op. cit., p. 113. 
1891. Keller, op. ctt., p. 327: 
In the same fragments of dead coral, and in precisely similar 
conditions, I find imperfect examples of another Chondrilla which 
agrees well enough with Schulze’s description of Ch. mixta so far 
as the shape and arrangement of the spicules are concerned. The 
film it forms in these circumstances is still more delicate than that 
formed by Ch. nucula and is quite colourless. The spicules include 
both oxyasters and spherasters, the largest of both of which are 
not more than o‘012 mm. in diameter. 
Distribution.—Red Sea (Schulze) ; Mergui Archipelago, Burma. 
Chondrilla distincta, Schulze. 
(Plate xxxiv, figs. 4, 4a.) 
1877. Schulze, of. cit., p. 133, pl. ix, fig. 19. 
1903. Thiele, Abh. Senckenb. Natur. Geselisch. XXV, p. 67, pl. iii, 
fig. 20. 
Still in the same fragments of coral from Burma a third 
species of Chondrilla occurs, in the same circumstances. It is 
undoubtedly Chondrilla distincta, Schulze, with which its spicules 
agree in every respect. 
1 Not having Carter’s full material in my hands, I have been unable to find 
the spicules he associated in his provisional species Cliona sceptrellifera’. In 
any case this species, if it exists as such, is clearly not a Cliona. 
