Mole. NOPE SaO No PH EAA BIT S* OF 
END CAIN = GN) S H.C ioe M Yo RAP ODS A N-D 
ARA CH NEEDS); 
By F. H. GRAVELY, M.Sc., Assistant Superintendent, Indian 
Museum. 
(Plates X XII—X XV). 
The preparation of a course of popular lectures during the 
summer of 1914 necessitated the completion, so far as opportu- 
nity permitted, of a number of more or less casual observations 
that I have chanced to make from time to time on the habits of 
insects and spiders of Calcutta, and the production of figures to 
illustrate them. The present, therefore, seems a favourable oppor- 
tunity of putting on record both these and certain observations 
made in other parts of India, in Burma and in Ceylon during 
the last five or six years, incomplete though they are in some 
cases. 
Although a number of notes on the habits of Indian insects 
have been published from time to time, they are still regrettably 
few, considering the richness and interest of the fauna with which 
they deal; and they are so scattered that the discovery of their 
existence, by anyone in a position to make use of them, is a matter 
of great uncertainty. 
In order to bring all these notes together search would have 
to be made through a number of European journals; but the results 
of such a search would probably be very small in comparison with 
the amount of time it would occupy. Indeed, the time would 
probably be better employed in making fresh observations. 
Since, however, observations on living Indian animals must 
almost necessarily be made in India, many of them will naturally 
be recorded in Indian journals, which are comparatively few. 
And I have tried, in the following pages, to combine with the 
record of my own observations such references to those of others 
as I have been able to find in journals, chiefly Indian, up to 
the end of 1914. The necessity for this became more and more 
apparent as the work of compilation progressed; for I found that 
several of my own observations were simply confirmatory of those 
of others; and that in several instances observations having a very 
definite bearing upon one another were recorded by different 
authors, sometimes in different parts of the same journal, without 
any reference to one another 
