Ig15.] F.H. Gravety: Indian Insects, Myriapods, etc. 497 
News, XII, p. 271 ') and Schulze (Zool. Anz., XL, pp. 209-216, figs. 
5-7). The organs to which Ohaus attributed stridulatory functions 
(Stettin Ent. Zeit. 1900, pp. 167-169) are also well developed. In 
a footnote to the first page of Schulze’s paper Ohaus says, ‘‘ Was 
die von mir 1. c. beschriebene Bildung fiir eine Bedeutung hat, ist 
bis jetzt noch nicht festgestellt. Sie findet sich bei den meisten, 
vielleicht allen, holzbewohnenden Lamellicorniern und hat viel- 
leicht den Zweck, das Eindringen von Wasser, vielleicht auch von 
Schmarotzern, in die Raume zwischen den Tergiten und Fltigeln 
zu verhindern. Speziell die Passaliden sind an den Randern der 
Tergite haufig mit Milben besetzt.” 
In order to test the possible stridulating powers of the two 
sets of organs I removed the wings of a Pleurarius. Although 
the abdomen subsequently moved as if trying to stridulate no 
sound was produced. A good deal of fluid escaped, however, 
from the places where the wings had been inserted, which might 
have affected the vibrations; so I then cut off the ends of the 
wings of another specimen of the same species. Its abdomen 
moved vigorously but only a very faint sound was produced, a 
sound which I attribute to a small portion of the stridulating 
surface of the wing having escaped removal. I then took a 
specimen of Episbhenus indicus, in which the elytra are not fused 
and can consequently be opened, and found that so long as the 
folded wings were pressed down on to the abdomen by a needle 
the insect could stridulate as well as before, even though the 
elytra were held right away from the sides of the abdomen. 
I have never heard any Passalid emit notes of more than one 
kind, and all have been fainter than those produced artificially 
by rubbing the end of the wing of a softened specimen of Proculus 
goryz on the plate beneath it. 
Lucanidae. 
Nigidius dawnae lives inhard dry pieces of wood on the higher 
slopes of the Dawna Hills. Both adults and larvae were found in 
one such piece (see Rec. Ind. Mus., XI, pp. 427-429). Mr. Kemp 
informs me that N.impressicollis lives, in both the larval and 
adult condition, in thoroughly damp and rotten wood. Mr. 
Beeson informs me that N. distinctus? lives in dead wood of 
Malatta (Macaranga pustulata) in the Duars. 
Dynastinae.’* 
The stridulating ability of Xylotrupes gideon has been record- 
ed by Cunningham (‘‘Plagues and Pleasures’’, pp. 126-7, pl. ii, 
situated in the specimen of P. goryi that [ have examined, and also in Pentalobus 
barbatus, Pleurarius brachyphyllus, etc. 
| See also Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) XV (XL), 1904, pp. 273-4- 
2 Concerning the identity of this species see Rec. /nd. Mus, XI, p. 430. 
® Attention may be called here to the occurrence, in a paper on Paussidae, 
