1915.] F.H. GRAVELY: Indian Insects, Myriapods, etc. 501 
and its allies! are said to take the edge of a leaf in their mouths 
and cut a piece out by a scissor-like action between the man- 
dibles and labrum and the maxillae and labium. The mandibles 
are likely, therefore, to have a very strongly developed cutting 
edge in front. This is the case in Gentates impressicollis, a species 
in which there is in addition a narrow posterior part, forming an 
imperfect sheath for the maxilla, at right angles to the cutting 
part. The cutting portion of the mandible of Gentates appears to 
be homologous with the greater part of the sheathing mandible of 
Adoretus. The maxillae of Geniates impressicollis are well deve- 
loped, but are prismatic in form rather than scoop-like; they 
presumably aid in cutting only by dragging the leaf down over 
the sharp edge of the labium. 
The mouthparts of Leucothyreus trochantericus, the only other 
species of the Geniates group that I have been able to examine, 
are more difficult to understand. The mandibles are so massive 
that it is difficult to see how the edge of a leaf is ever introduced 
into the mouth. Presumably, however, this must be the manner 
of feeding; for the species whose feeding habits were actually 
observed by Ohaus included some of the genus Leucothyreus. 
The maxillae are small and are not in any way sheathed by the 
mandibles, whose anterior edge appears to overlap the edge of 
the labrum when closed and so to be useless for cutting. Presum- 
ably the cutting is done by the leaf being dragged down across 
the edges of the labrum and labium by the main mass of the 
tnandible, though even this is a little difficult to understand. 
Coprinae. 
The stridulating habits of Heliocopris mouhotus are described 
by Aunandale (Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool. I (11), p. 283). 
Specimens of a somewhat smaller species of Helvocopris— 
probably H. bucephalus, Fabricius—sent to me by Mr. Bainbrigge 
Fletcher, stridulated loudly, but with the hind, not the middle, 
coxae. I failed to associate any form of stridulation with the 
middle coxae although these moved as freely as the others in life, 
and an exceedingly faint sound could be produced by moving 
them artificially after death. The front legs produced strong but 
inaudible vibrations, but whether in the coxal cavities or between 
the coxae and femora, I was unable to determine. I have been 
unable to reproduce these vibrations on dead insects. 
Cicindelidae. 
Notes on the habits of a number of species are recorded by 
Annandale and Horn in the ‘‘ Annotated List of the Astatic Beetles 
in the Collection of the Indian Museum,’ Part I (Calcutta, 1909). 
The habits of some tiger-beetles from Orissa form the subject of a 
| Leucothyreus and Bolax appear to have been the actual genera observed 
(loc. cit., pp. 18-21). 
