514 Records of the Indian Museum, [Voy. XI, 
Cragg describes fertilization in Cimex (Ind. J. Med. Res., II, 
pp. 698-705). The spermatozoa are introduced through an aper- 
ture on the fourth abdominal segment. 
Cicadidae. 
In the preface to his ‘‘ Monograph of Oriental Cicadidae’’ 
Distant refers to the natural enemies of the group, and to the 
voices of the males. Later (p. 1) he gives references ‘‘ to most of 
the published information respecting the structural details of the 
wonderful sound-producing organs’”’ (p. vi). Observations on the 
production of sound by Indian species have been recorded by 
Middlemiss (Nature, XX XIII, pp. 582-3). 
Annandale describes the habits of Dundubia intemerata and 
Huechys sanguinea (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, pp. 859-862). 
The liquid discharge made by Cicadas is noticed by Biscoe 
(J .B.N.H.S., X, pp. 535-6). 
A captive specimen of Lemuriana apicalis, which was tre- 
cently watched in the Indian Museum, emitted from time to time 
a jet of colourless liquid with considerable force from its hinder 
end, while feeding on the sap of a piece of the tree on which it had 
been caught. The note of this cicada is not unlike that of a 
cricket, and may frequently be heard in trees round about (and 
even in) Calcutta during the rains; but this is almost the only 
specimen I have seen and the only one I have managed to catch. 
Huechys sanguinea is sometimes plentiful on Zizyphus bushes 
near Calcutta in the spring. Dr. Annandale tells me that when 
in the Malay Peninsula he noticed that this cicada frequented 
bushes rather than big trees. 
Dracott describes the emergence of cicadas from their nymphal 
skins, and the nymphs from the ground (J/.B.N.H.S., XXIII, 
Pp. 379-380). His observations were made at Gangtok in Sikkim 
at an elevation of about 6000 ft. above sea level, on a plot of © 
ground from which large numbers of specimens have been seen to 
emerge year after year. 
Fulgoridae. 
Annandale shows that the peculiar prolongation of the head 
found in certain Fulgoridae is probably of use in jumping (Proc. 
Zool. Soc. London, 1900, pp. 866-868). 
Concerning Salurnis marginellus, Geisha distinctissima, and 
nee furtiva see Kershaw, J.B.N.H.S., XXI, pp. 607-9, 
pl. A-B. 
Concerning Phromnia marginella see Imms, Mem. Manchester 
Lit. Phil. Soc., L.VIII (4), 12 pp.; 2 pl. 
Membracidae. 
Chatterjee describes the development and habits of Oxyrhachys 
tavandus (Indian Forester, X1,, pp. 75-79, pl. iii-iv). 
