1QIQ. | N. ANNANDALE & B. PRASHAD: Mollusca. 31 
callus moderate; the columella bent but slight and not produced 
anteriorly; the lip slightly or not at all thickened. The sculpture 
consists of longitudinal and transverse striae, which produce by 
their intersection a more or less granular appearance at any rate 
on the upper whorls. Wongitudinal ribs may be present on the 
lower whorls; their distal extremity is either granular or spinose, 
as arule more or less produced. The periostracum is thick and 
may bear minute hair-like processes. 
The operculum is ovoid and relatively large, with the posterior 
extremity pointed. It is distinctly spiral towards the anterior, 
blunt extremity, but the actual whorls are relatively small and are 
situated near the inner anterior margin. The remainder of the sur- 
face is ornamented with curved parallel lines which radiate out- 
wards from a point situated between the spiral region and the 
inner margin. 
The vadular teeth are characterized by their sharp and rela- 
tively numerous cusps. The iateral tooth is narrow, very oblique 
in its natural position and as a rule strongly curved or bent 
longitudinally. 
Type-species. M. fasciolata, Olivier=M. tuberculata (Muller), 
vat. 
[ Melanoides tuberculata (Miiller).| 
(Plenive: 125.1) 
1774. Nerita tuberculata, Miller, Hist. Verm., p. 191. 
1837. Melania adspersa, Troschel, Wiegm. Arch. f. Naturw. I, p. 175. 
1876. Melania tuberculata, Hanley and Theobald, Conch. Jnd., 
pl. Ixxiv, figs. 1-4. 
1918. Melania tuberculata, Annandale, Rec. nd. Mus. XIV, pp. 114, 156, 
fics. Oyepl. xi, fies: 1,25 
1919. Melania tuberculata, Annandale and Prashad, /did., XVI, p. 146, 
pl. v, fig. 5 (radula). 
Although this species is extremely plastic, in some respects 
it retains its specific characters under all circumstances. These 
are (1) the very gradual and even increase in size of the whorls 
from the apex to the mouth, (2) the distinct but not very great 
convexity of the whorls, (3) the absence of all swelling and com- 
paratively small size of the body-whorl, (4) the small size of the 
mouth of the shell, the maximum length of which is considerably 
less than one-third of the total length, (5) the tubercular sculpture, 
especially of the upper whorls, (6) the smooth spiral ridges at the 
base of the body-whorl, (7) the more or less distinct longitudinal 
reddish markings on a background of green or brown. ‘The total 
length of the shell is from a little less than three to four times 
the greatest transverse diameter. 
We have recently figured the radular teeth (of. ct#., 1919, pl. v, 
fig. 5). The central tooth is broad and rounded at the lateral angles. 
It is symmetrical or nearly so and has a comparatively small 
central cusp with four small ones on either side. The other teeth 
are sub-equal and a little narrower. They have numerous small 
cusps. In the inner marginal one of the cusps is a little enlarged. 
