i4^ J. Stephenson : Two OUgochxte Worms. [Vol. I, 



are C. bengalensis and spon^illcs from Calcutta, described by 

 Annandale {loc. cit.) ; another species not yet fully described and 

 referred to by Annandale, its discoverer, in his second paper as 

 C. sp. ; and C. pimjahensis and pellucidus from Lahore by me. 



The literature of the European (and American) species is 

 not accessible to me ; but they appear to form a well-marked, 

 homogeneous group, which, while agreeing with the Indian species 

 in its broad outlines are separated from these latter b^^ the elonga- 

 tion of the third segment and the absence of sense-organs or their 

 rudiments. As to the first of these points, whatever be the exact 

 delimitation of the segments in the anterior part of the bodies of 

 the Indian specimens, it can be seen by referring to the published 

 figures (as has been already mentioned for C. pellucidus) that, 

 taking the first setal bundle to belong to the second segment, and 

 the second setal bundle to the sixth, there really is no room in any 

 of them for a greatly elongated third segment. As to the second 

 point, the chitinous (?) plate in the brain of C. diastrophus may 

 represent a link of connection between the two groups. Another 

 connecting link between the groups may be seen in the buccal 

 nerve-commissure of C. pellucidus which, as stated above, may be 

 compared with the circum-oesophageal ganglionic ring of two of 

 the European species. 



But whatever may be the case regarding these two geo- 

 graphical groups and their relationship, the Indian species appear 

 to me to be closely related and to form a well-defined assemblage. 

 Besides the characters already mentioned, which differentiate 

 them from the European species, the conformation of the alimen- 

 tary canal and, as I hope to show, the normal number of segments 

 of the animal and the mode of asexual reproduction, agree in the 

 various members. The small cuticular projections on the head 

 of C. pellucidus are also to be compared with the longitudinal rows 

 of minute irregular tubercles on the head of C. spongillce and the 

 small projections of the epidermis on the ventral surface of the 

 anterior sucker of C. bengalensis ; and the peculiar shape of the 

 nodulus (the projection being one-sided and more abrupt distally) 

 on the setae of C. bengalensis and pellucidus — though it may be 

 found not to be confined to these two specie?— seems worthy of note. 



The mere reading of the descriptions of the alimentary tract 

 would lead one to suppose that there was a marked difference 

 between the Punjab and Bengal forms. For examp'e, in C. ben- 

 galensis Annandale speaks of a narrow slightly coiled passage 

 succeeding the pharynx, and leading into the oesophagus ; the 

 oesophagus being a large sac {v. fig. in text) divided by a permanent 

 constriction into two : to the oesophagus (which is thus the longest 

 part of the alimentary tract) succeeds the intestine. The Punjab 

 species, on the other hand, are described as having a small oesopha- 

 gus, large dilated crop, stomach also considerably dilated, and 

 lastly the intestine. It is, however, easy to see by referring to the 

 figures that Annandale's "slightly coiled passage " is my oesophagus ; 

 the first dilatation of the oesophagus corresponds to the crop, and 



