igii-] B. I/. Chaudhuri : The fauna of Yunnan. 21 



Barbels. — 8 in number, nasal about 4 of the length of head ; 

 maxillary pair reach beyond the posterior root of the anal fin; 

 outer mandibular pair reach the end of pectoral spine and the 

 inner mandibular barbels reach half the length of pectoral spine. 



Mouth. — Anterior, terminal and transverse; the upper jaw- 

 being slightl}^ longer. The width of the mouth is contained 2^ 

 times in the length of head. Teeth villiform in both jaws, arranged 

 in series. 



Osseous plates. — Upper surface of the head entirely covered with 

 a granulated bony plate having three processes ; the occipital process 

 is twice as long as broad and meets the blunt process of the bony 

 plate which forms the base of the dorsal spine; the other two 

 broad lateral processes terminate half-way in front of the anterior 

 black blotch. There is a bony ridge on each side bounding the 

 posterior margin of the gill-openings ; these bony ridges appear to 

 terminate in a pointed bony plate on each side wedged between 

 the pectoral spine and the anterior black blotch, which conceals 

 the thin membrane stretched in front of the end of the air- 

 bladder. All the osseous plates are granulated. The median longi- 

 tudinal groove on the upper side of the head is soft, shallow 

 and broad. 



Fins. — The anterior dorsal fin commences just at the vertical 

 from the posterior margin of the anterior black blotch behind the 

 operculum. The dorsal spine is w^eak and is slightly larger than 

 half the length of head and is minutel}' serrated on both sides — 

 there being eight serrations on the posterior side, and those on the 

 anterior side are still more minute. The middle rays of the dorsal 

 fin being comparatively very long, the free margin of the fin is 

 highly convex. The adipose dorsal is rather long, beginning from 

 the point at which the last ray of the rayed dorsal would reach 

 and ending beyond the end of the base of the anal ; the distance 

 between adipose dorsal and caudal is contained 1^ times in the dis- 

 tance between the posterior edge of the base of anal and the caudal ; 

 the length of the base of the adipose dorsal is i^ in the length of 

 head. Its height gradually increases backwards and the free end 

 is pointed on the upper posterior edge. The greatest width of 

 adipose dorsal is contained 7 times in the length of the base. The 

 pectoral spine is stronger and longer than the dorsal spine in which 

 the denticulations on the inner side are very strong and are about 

 ten in number, the serrations on the outer margin being very weak. 

 The length of the rays is smaller as they proceed inwards causing 

 the outline of free margin to appear convex. The free margin of 

 the anal fin is slightly concave. The middle rays of the ventral 

 fin are long enough to reach the anterior root of the anal. The 

 two limbs of the bilobed caudal fin are of equal length. 



Lateral line. — There is a series of minute openings of lateral 

 organs from above the opening of the gill-cleft, which bends 

 round the anterior black blotch to the middle of the fish and then 

 continues in a straight line to disappear in the posterior black 

 blotch placed about the middle of the caudal peduncle. 



