1 91 1.] F. H. vStewart : Cyprinidac ironi Tibet. 89 



I was not able to find the small first dorsal spine described b}' 

 Tate Regan in these specimens. 



The snout is blunt, the mouth terminal, jaws equal. The 

 greatest height of the body is attained very shortty behind the 

 head. The distance from the anterior end of the dorsal fin to the 

 snout is less than to the rudimentary rays of the caudal. 



Colour. — One specimen is of a dull slate colour on the back of 

 head and body, with a dull white belly and a tinge of gold along 

 the lateral line posteriorly ; in the other the pigment of the back 

 is aggregated into small spots about i mm. in diameter which are 

 set closely with very narrow spaces between. 



The detailed measurements are given in talkie v (p. 91). 



Following Herzenstein's key (4) — 



The second dorsal spine is well developed and has somewhat 

 flat teeth ; the anterior end of the mouth is below the level ot the 

 lower margin of the orbit ; there are no scales on the belly in front 

 of the ventrals ; the gill-rakers on the first branchial bar number, 

 outer row 17, inner 30. The distance from the beginning of the 

 dorsal to the snout is less than to the rudimentary rays of the 

 caudal. This species therefore comes near Gymnocypris roborowskii, 

 Herz. It differs from the latter in the proportion of the maximum 

 height of the body to the length : 6y — ^5f in roborowskii , 4^ in 

 ivaddellii. 



The specimens with which we are dealing at present differ 

 from the description of G. ivaddellii given by Tate Regan in that 

 the anterior edge of the upper jaw is distinctly below the 

 lower margin of the orbit. In the specimen of the species (one of 

 the types) which was kindly presented b}^ the British Museum to 

 the Indian Museum, I find, however, that it is somewhat doubtful 

 whether the anterior edge of the upper jaw is not also below the 

 lower margin of the orbit, and, taking into account the differences 

 of size and of the methods of preservation of Waddell's and Ken- 

 nedy's specimens, it does not appear justifiable to separate them 

 by so small and doubtful a distinction. 



Both specimens were females; one was ripe, the other was not 

 so owing to extreme infection with hydatids. In the ripe speci- 

 men the largest ovarian ova attain the impressive size of 2*5 mm. 

 in diameter, almost double that of the extruded eggs of Cyprinus 

 carpio and Gohio fluviatilis (Ehrenbaum, 3, pp. 132 and 135). The 

 snout bears a pad of sharp-pointed horny nuptial tubercles, giving 

 a sensation like a nutmeg-grater to the finger. Rows of large 

 glands are developed on the anal fin, which even between the rays 

 is of almost cartilaginous consistency. The scales of the anal 

 sheath are very prominent, are attached by their bases only and 

 measure as much as 10X9 mm. The glands and the sheath are 

 used presumably in attaching the eggs to the substratum. 



It was mentioned above in dealing with Schizopygopsis 

 stoliczkae that the waters of the Rham Tso and Kala Tso are isola- 

 ted by the subterranean egress of the Nyang-chu from the latter 



