igii.] E. Brunetti : Oriental Tipulidae. 293 



of the two cross-veins inside the marginal cell " used in the text) : 

 *' I call them cross-veins merely for shortness' sake, because one of 

 them may also be considered as a branch of the 2nd vein." He 

 spoke of the genus as representing ' ' a form of venation which is of 

 very rare occurrence among diptera, and we must suspend our 

 judgment on this point ^ until we have an opportunity of seeing the 

 insect from Java described by Doleschall." 



At this time he was accepting three species as congeneric, 

 fragiUima, Westw., albitarsis, Dol. , which it is evident from the 

 above quotation he had never seen, and his new species tenera. In 

 pointing out the difference of Doleschall's species only having three 

 posterior cells instead of four, as in fragillima and tenera, it is 

 obvious that he was guided by Doleschall's figure alone The 

 Dutch author's remark ' ' two marginal cells ' ' does not help in the 

 question of terminolog}'. 



Osten Sacken, in the paper quoted, notes the relationship of 

 the three species he treats of, with " Limnobia" trentepohlii, W., 

 of which Wiedemann gives a not very good figure of the wing 

 (Auss. Zweifl., i, pi. vi b, 12). Here again Osten Sacken speaks of 

 the marginal cell being divided by two cross- veins, thus leaving onl}^ 

 three posterior cells ; he notes the open discal cell and the abruptly 

 curved 5th vein. In his invaluable work '' Studies on Tipulidae," 

 ii (Berl. Ent. Zeits., xxxi, 203, 1887), he recognizes that the 2nd 

 longitudinal vein is forked, the obliquity of the upper branch 

 giving it the appearance of a cross-vein ; he also notes the position 

 of the marginal cross- vein, the full contact of the second sub- 

 marginal cell with the discal cell " so that there is no anterior cross- 

 vein," and other points of generic importance. In the same work 

 he describes a species, p ennipes, irom.'QornQO] reiterates that the 

 apparent resemblance between the venation of this genus and that 

 of Paratropesa, Sch., is only superficial, not being in an^^ wa^' 

 supported by the structure of the rest of the body ; and for the 

 first time relegates Mongoma to its natural position, very near 

 Gonomyia and its allies. 



Coming to non-Oriental species, four others have been recorded, 

 manca,^ Willis,, and pallida,^ Willis., from North America and the 

 West Indies ; ausfralasiae * from Australia, and exornata ^ from 

 Africa .... A brief study of the wings of the two American species 

 shows characters in common with albitarsis, the presence of only 

 three posterior cells and a widely open anal cell. Apart from the 

 question of the length of the auxiliary vein, which is illustrated as 

 very short in Doleschall's figure," these three species may be 

 regarded as certainly congeneric. There is, however, assuming 



' i.e. , the correct identification of the veins. 



2 For figure of wing see Needham, N. Yk. State Mus. Bull. No. 124, pi. xxi, 

 6(1897). 



s Figured in Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1896), pi. x, 67. 



4 Skuse, Pr. L,inn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), iv, 834, pi. xxii, 17, xxiv, 59 {Trente 

 pohlia) (1890). 



s Bergr., Entom. Tidskr.. ix, 135, pi., fig. 3 (Trentepohlii, id.). 



6 The costal part of the wing does not agree with the other species, but may 

 have been difficult to examine, from the tendency of the costal border in many 

 species after death to curl over, and therefore too much importance must not be 

 placed upon the apparent abnormality in Doleschall's figure, in which, moreover, 

 no 7th vein is shown, which must surely be an omission. 



